Orderly Arranged Fluorescence Dyes as a Highly Efficient
Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Probe for Peroxynitrite
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Abstract
Chemiluminescence
(CL) probes for reactive oxygen species (ROS)
are commonly based on a redox reaction between a CL reagent and ROS,
leading to poor selectivity toward a specific ROS. The energy-matching
rules in the chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) process
between a specific ROS donor and a suitable fluorescence dye acceptor
is a promising method for the selective detection of ROS. Nevertheless,
higher concentrations of fluorescence dyes can lead to the intractable
aggregation-caused quenching effect, decreasing the CRET efficiency.
In this report, we fabricated an orderly arranged structure of calcein–sodium
dodecyl sulfate (SDS) molecules to improve the CRET efficiency between
ONOOH* donor and calcein acceptor. Such orderly arranged calcein–SDS
composites can distinguish peroxynitrite (ONOO<sup>–</sup>)
from a variety of other ROS owing to the energy matching in the CRET
process between ONOOH* donor and calcein acceptor. Under the optimal
experimental conditions, ONOO<sup>–</sup> could be assayed
in the range of 1.0–20.0 μM, and the detection limit
for ONOO<sup>–</sup> [signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3] was
0.3 μM. The proposed strategy has been successfully applied
in both detecting ONOO<sup>–</sup> in cancer mouse plasma samples
and monitoring the generation of ONOO<sup>–</sup> from 3-morpholinosydnonimine
(SIN-1). Recoveries from cancer mouse plasma samples were in the range
of 96–105%. The success of this work provides a unique opportunity
to develop a CL tool to monitor ONOO<sup>–</sup> with high
selectivity in a specific manner. Improvement of selectivity and sensitivity
of CL probes holds great promise as a strategy for developing a wide
range of probes for various ROS by tuning the types of fluorescence
dyes