Newborn Meconium and Urinary
Metabolome Response to
Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Case–Control
Study
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Abstract
Recently,
the number of women suffering from gestational diabetes
mellitus (GDM) has risen dramatically. GDM attracts increasing attention
due to its potential harm to the heath of both the fetus and the mother.
We designed this case–control study to investigate the metabolome
response of newborn meconium and urine to maternal GDM. GDM mothers
(<i>n</i> = 142) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 197) were recruited during June–July 2012 in Xiamen, China.
The newborns’ metabolic profiles were acquired using liquid
chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The data showed that
meconium and urine metabolome patterns clearly discriminated GDM cases
from controls. Fourteen meconium metabolic biomarkers and three urinary
metabolic biomarkers were tentatively identified for GDM. Altered
levels of various endogenous biomarkers revealed that GDM may induce
disruptions in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and purine
metabolism. An unbalanced lipid pattern is suspected to be a GDM-specific
feature. Furthermore, the relationships between the potential biomarkers
and GDM risk were evaluated by binary logistic regression and receiver
operating characteristic analysis. A combined model of nine meconium
biomarkers showed a great potential in diagnosing GDM-induced disorders