In Situ
Sensor Technology for Simultaneous Spectrophotometric
Measurements of Seawater Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and pH
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Abstract
A new,
in situ sensing system, Channelized Optical System (CHANOS),
was recently developed to make high-resolution, simultaneous measurements
of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH in seawater. Measurements
made by this single, compact sensor can fully characterize the marine
carbonate system. The system has a modular design to accommodate two
independent, but similar measurement channels for DIC and pH. Both
are based on spectrophotometric detection of hydrogen ion concentrations.
The pH channel uses a flow-through, sample-indicator mixing design
to achieve near instantaneous measurements. The DIC channel adapts
a recently developed spectrophotometric method to achieve flow-through
CO<sub>2</sub> equilibration between an acidified sample and an indicator
solution with a response time of only ∼90 s. During laboratory
and in situ testing, CHANOS achieved a precision of ±0.0010 and
±2.5 μmol kg<sup>–1</sup> for pH and DIC, respectively.
In situ comparison tests indicated that the accuracies of the pH and
DIC channels over a three-week time-series deployment were ±0.0024
and ±4.1 μmol kg<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. This
study demonstrates that CHANOS can make in situ, climatology-quality
measurements by measuring two desirable CO<sub>2</sub> parameters,
and is capable of resolving the CO<sub>2</sub> system in dynamic marine
environments