The 8-Silyloxyquinoline Scaffold as a Versatile Platform
for the Sensitive Detection of Aqueous Fluoride
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Abstract
Utilizing a novel 8-silyloxyquinoline
scaffold, we demonstrate
the ability to synthesize fluorogenic probes for the sensitive and
selective detection of inorganic fluoride (NaF) in aqueous samples.
Our initial probe design (<b>2</b>) is capable of detecting
inorganic fluoride at levels as low as 3.8 μM (72 ppb) in aqueous
solutions, well below PHS recommended levels for drinking water (0.7–1.2
ppm), placing this probe among the most sensitive fluoride sensors
reported to date. Furthermore, our results highlight the utility of
the readily modifiable 8-silyloxyquinoline scaffold for the design
of tailored fluoride sensing platforms. We demonstrate the ability
to rationally tune the fluorescence and physical properties of the
8-silyloxyquinoline scaffold, producing a red-shifted fluoride probe
(<b>4</b>) capable of detecting 50 μM (0.95 ppm) NaF in
aqueous samples using a straightforward test-strip-based assay format.
Taken together this work provides a template for the design of fluoride
sensors capable of reporting on relevant concentrations of fluoride
in the laboratory and in the field