Poly(thymine)-Templated Copper Nanoparticles as a Fluorescent Indicator for Hydrogen Peroxide and Oxidase-Based Biosensing

Abstract

Biomineralized fluorescent metal nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest in many fields by virtue of their excellent properties in synthesis and application. Poly­(thymine)-templated fluorescent copper nanoparticles (T-CuNPs) as a promising nanomaterial has been exploited by us recently and displays great potential for signal transducing in biochemical analysis. However, the application of T-CuNPs is rare and still at an early stage. Here, a new fluorescent analytical strategy has been developed for H₂O₂ and oxidase-based biosensing by exploiting T-CuNPs as an effective signal indicator. The mechanism is mainly based on the poly­(thymine) length-dependent formation of T-CuNPs and the probe’s oxidative cleavage. In this assay, the probe T40 can effectively template the formation of T-CuNPs by a fast <i>in situ</i> manner in the absence of H₂O₂, with high fluorescent signal, while the probe is cleaved into short-oligonucleotide fragments by hydroxyl radical (·OH) which is formed from the Fenton reaction in the presence of H₂O₂, leading to the decline of fluorescence intensity. By taking advantage of H₂O₂ as a mediator, this strategy is further exploited for oxidase-based biosensing. As the proof-of-concept, glucose in human serum has been chosen as the model system and has been detected, and its practical applicability has been investigated by assay of real clinical blood samples. Results demonstrate that the proposed strategy has not only good detection capability but also eminent detection performance, such as simplicity and low-cost, holding great potential for constructing effective sensors for biochemical and clinical applications