Inverse Temperature Dependence in Static Quenching
versus Calorimetric Exploration: Binding Interaction of Chloramphenicol
to β‑Lactoglobulin
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Abstract
The binding interaction between the
whey protein bovine β-lactoglobulin
(βLG) with the well-known antibiotic chloramphenicol (Clp) is
explored by monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence of βLG. Steady-state
and time-resolved fluorescence spectral data reveal that quenching
of βLG fluorescence proceeds through ground state complex formation,
i.e., static quenching mechanism. However, the drug–protein
binding constant is found to vary proportionately with temperature.
This anomalous result is explained on the basis of the Arrhenius theory
which states that the rate constant varies proportionally with temperature.
Thermodynamic parameters like Δ<i>H</i>, Δ<i>S</i>, Δ<i>G</i>, and the stoichiometry for
the binding interaction have been estimated by isothermal titration
calorimetric (ITC) study. Thermodynamic data show that the binding
phenomenon is mainly an entropy driven process suggesting the major
role of hydrophobic interaction forces in the Clp−βLG
binding. Constant pressure heat capacity change (Δ<i>C</i><sub>p</sub>) has been calculated from enthalpy of binding at different
temperatures which reveals that hydrophobic interaction is the major
operating force. The inverse temperature dependence in static quenching
is however resolved from ITC data which show that the binding constant
regularly decreases with increase in temperature. The modification
of native protein conformation due to binding of drug has been monitored
by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The probable binding location
of Clp inside βLG is explored from AutoDock based blind docking
simulation