Entropy-Based Super-Resolution Imaging (ESI): From
Disorder to Fine Detail
- Publication date
- Publisher
Abstract
We
introduce a novel and universal method for fast optical high,
as well as super-resolution imaging. Our method is based on reconstructing
super-resolved images from conventional image sequences containing
rapid random signal fluctuations. Such sequences could be obtained
from either wide-field single-molecule blinking experiments or rapid
image sequences with fluorophores undergoing random intensity fluctuations.
By calculating the local entropy (<i>H</i>) and cross-entropy
(x<i>H</i>) values pixel-by-pixel, weighted with higher
order statistics (HOS), a new image with pixel intensities representing
the true information content in the time series is obtained. We show
that analyzing image sequences by this formalism enables the reconstruction
of super-resolved images, where the optical resolution that can be
achieved depends only on the number of input frames and the higher
order moments used for the calculation. We find that the acquisition
of <100 frames per sequence is sufficient to reconstruct super-resolved
images of entire cells. We also demonstrate that not only on–off
switching of the fluorescent dyes, but also other dynamic events,
that is, photobleaching, can be exploited for efficient and high-resolution
image reconstructions. This method opens up the potential to obtain
super-resolved images from most wide-field fluorescence microscopy
systems. By providing a universal Fiji-plugin most users of high-end
fluorescence microscopy systems will now benefit from this easy-to-use
super-resolution optical microscopy method