Instability of Surface-Grafted Weak Polyacid Brushes
on Flat Substrates
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Abstract
We study the stability of weak polyacid
brush (WPAB) gradients
in aqueous media covering a range in grafting density (σ) spanning
0.05–0.5 chains/nm<sup>2</sup> using two analogous surface-anchored
bromoisobutyrate-based initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization
(ATRP) bearing either an ester or amide linker. Variations in dry
thickness of ester-based WPABs as a function of time and pH are consistent
with WPAB degrafting via linker hydrolysis catalyzed by mechanical
tension in the grafted chains. Sources of tension considered include
high σ, as well as swelling and electrostatic repulsion associated
with increasing degree of deprotonation (α) of repeat units
in the WPAB. Normalized thickness of the WPAB decreases by a maximum
amount at intermediate σ between ∼0.05−0.15 chains/nm<sup>2</sup>, implying that contributions to tension by α are counterbalanced
by charge regulation in the WPAB at high σ. Amide-based WPABs
are more stable up to 264 h incubation, suggesting that commonly used
ester-bearing ATRP initiators are more susceptible to hydrolysis over
the time scales examined