<p>(A) A Bayesian framework is combined with a detailed mechanistic PBPK model, where a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is considered to identify the high dimensional parameter distribution. (B) Prior population-specific anatomical and physiological information is integrated into an hierarchical model approach. (C) Individual-specific experimental data and physiological parameters are considered to parameterize the model and to generate individual model outputs. (D) Due to the model structure of the PBPK model, substance parameters can be differentiated from physiological parameters. This allows a global determination of the substance information, since it does not vary individually or from population to population.</p
