Physiological
and Biochemical Changes Imposed by CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles on
Wheat: A Life Cycle Field Study
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Abstract
Interactions
of <i>n</i>CeO<sub>2</sub> with plants have
been mostly evaluated at seedling stage and under controlled conditions.
In this study, the effects of <i>n</i>CeO<sub>2</sub> at
0 (control), 100 (low), and 400 (high) mg/kg were monitored for the
entire life cycle (about 7 months) of wheat plants grown in a field
lysimeter. Results showed that at high concentration <i>n</i>CeO<sub>2</sub> decreased the chlorophyll content and increased catalase
and superoxide dismutase activities, compared with control. Both concentrations
changed root and leaf cell microstructures by agglomerating chromatin
in nuclei, delaying flowering by 1 week, and reduced the size of starch
grains in endosperm. Exposed to low concentration produced embryos
with larger vacuoles, while exposure to high concentration reduced
number of vacuoles, compared with control. There were no effects on
the final biomass and yield, Ce concentration in shoots, as well as
sugar and starch contents in grains, but grain protein increased by
24.8% and 32.6% at 100 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Results suggest
that more field life cycle studies are needed in order to better understand
the effects of <i>n</i>CeO<sub>2</sub> in crop plants