Zwitterion-Immobilized
Imprinted Polymers for Promoting
the Crystallization of Proteins
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Abstract
Zwitterion additives have been used
in protein crystallization
to prevent the appearance of crystal clusters. Herein, we have developed
a novel approach for the immobilization of zwitterion onto molecularly
imprinted polymers (MIPs) to yield high-quality single protein crystals.
For lysozyme, trypsin, catalase, proteinase K, concanavalin A-type
IV, and thaumatin, simply adding the selected zwitterion (3-(methacryloylamino)propyl)-dimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)
ammonium hydroxide) into the free solution, the crystallization was
improved. When further using the zwitterion-immobilized molecularly
imprinted polymers (ziMIPs) developed in the current study, the formation
of higher quality crystals was facilitated in a shorter time compared
with regular MIPs and traditional crystallization trials. Most notably,
concanavalin A-type IV, which has nonunique ordered assembly, gave
only the form IV structure with higher resolution in the presence
of ziMIPs, justifying the superior function of ziMIPs for the ordered
assembly of protein molecules. Thus, the ziMIPs could be widely used
in protein crystallization