<div><p>Two new triterpenoid saponins, oleiferoside N and oleiferoside O, were isolated from the EtOH extract from the roots of <i>Camellia oleifera</i> C. Abel. Their structures were elucidated as 16α-acetoxy-21β,22α-<i>O</i>-diangeloyloxy-23,28-dihydroxyolean-12-ene 3β-<i>O</i>-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (<b>1</b>), 16α-acetoxy-21β-<i>O</i>-angeloyloxy-23,28-dihydroxy-22α-<i>O</i>-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)olean-12-ene 3β-<i>O</i>-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (<b>2</b>), on the basis of spectroscopic analyses (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and acid hydrolysis. Both were characterized to be oleanane-type saponins with sugar moieties linked to C-3 of the aglycone. Cytotoxic activities of two saponins were evaluated against four human tumor cell lines (A549, B16, BEL-7402, and MCF-7) by using the MTT <i>in vitro</i> assay. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> showed moderate cytotoxic activities toward the tested cell lines.</p></div
