Modifying an Insect Cell <i>N</i>‑Glycan
Processing Pathway Using CRISPR-Cas Technology
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Abstract
Fused
lobes (FDL) is an enzyme that simultaneously catalyzes a
key trimming reaction and antagonizes elongation reactions in the
insect <i>N</i>-glycan processing pathway. Accordingly,
FDL function accounts, at least in part, for major differences in
the <i>N</i>-glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins produced
by insect and mammalian cells. In this study, we used the CRISPR-Cas9
system to edit the <i>fdl</i> gene in Drosophila
melanogaster S2 cells. CRISPR-Cas9 editing produced
a high frequency of site-specific nucleotide insertions and deletions,
reduced the production of insect-type, paucimannosidic products (Man<sub>3</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub>), and led to the production of partially
elongated, mammalian-type complex <i>N</i>-glycans (GlcNAc<sub>2</sub>Man<sub>3</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub>) in S2 cells. As CRISPR-Cas9
has not been widely used to analyze or modify protein glycosylation
pathways or edit insect cell genes, these results underscore its broad
utility as a tool for these purposes. Our results also confirm the
key role of FDL at the major branch point distinguishing insect and
mammalian <i>N</i>-glycan processing pathways. Finally,
the new FDL-deficient S2 cell derivative produced in this study will
enable future bottom-up glycoengineering efforts designed to isolate
insect cell lines that can efficiently produce recombinant glycoproteins
with chemically predefined oligosaccharide side-chain structures