Changes to a landing bat’s body orientation, roll, <i>ψ</i>, pitch, <i>θ</i>, and yaw, <i>ϕ</i>, are prompted by pronounced changes in its wing kinematics.
<p>The top two frames indicate body orientation and angular velocity (about body-fixed axes). The lower three frames show simplified wing kinematics: instantaneous wing extension, <i>e</i>, wing stroke angle, <i>ϕ</i><sub><i>w</i></sub>, and protraction-retraction angle, <i>θ</i><sub><i>w</i></sub>. The departure from symmetric left-right wing motion coincides with changes in the body orientation. The five moments in time indicated by dashed vertical lines correspond to the images shown in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002297#pbio.1002297.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p
