Kinetic Isotope Effects in Reductive Excited-State Quenching of Ru(2,2′-bipyrazine)₃²⁺ by Phenols

Abstract

Electron transfer (ET) from phenol molecules to a photoexcited ruthenium­(II) complex was investigated as a function of the para-substituent (R = OCH₃, CH₃, H, Cl, Br, CN) attached to the phenols. For phenols with electron-donating substituents (R = OCH₃, CH₃), the rate-determining excited-state deactivation process is ordinary ET. For all other phenols, significant kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) (ranging from 2.91 ± 0.18 for R = Br to 10.18 ± 0.64 for R = CN) are associated with emission quenching, and this is taken as indirect evidence for transfer of a phenolic proton to a peripheral nitrogen atom of a 2,2′-bipyrazine ligand in the course of an overall proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction. Possible PCET reaction mechanisms for the various phenol/ruthenium couples are discussed. While 4-cyanophenol likely reacts via concerted proton–electron transfer (CPET), a stepwise proton transfer–electron transfer mechanism cannot be excluded in the case of the phenols with R = Br, Cl, and H