Origin of Photoluminescence and XAFS Study of (ZnS)_1–<i>x</i>(AgInS₂)_<i>x</i> Nanocrystals

Abstract

Donor–Acceptor transition was previously suggested as a mechanism for luminescence in (ZnS)_1–<i>x</i>(AgInS₂)_<i>x</i> nanocrystals. Here we show the participation of delocalized valence/conduction band in the luminescence. Two emission pathways are observed: Path-1 involves transition between a delocalized state and a localized state exhibiting higher energy and shorter lifetime (∼25 ns) and Path-2 (donor–acceptor) involves two localized defect states exhibiting lower emission energy and longer lifetime (>185 ns). Surprisingly, Path-1 dominates (82% for <i>x</i> = 0.33) for nanocrystals with lower <i>x</i>, in sharp difference with prior assignment. Luminescence peak blue shifts systematically by 0.57 eV with decreasing <i>x</i> because of this large contribution from Path-1. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) study of (ZnS)_1–<i>x</i>(AgInS₂)_<i>x</i> nanocrystals shows larger AgS₄ tetrahedra compared with InS₄ tetrahedra with Ag–S and In–S bond lengths 2.52 and 2.45 Å respectively, whereas Zn–S bond length is 2.33 Å along with the absence of second nearest-neighbor Zn–S–metal correlation