Employing PEDOT as the p‑Type Charge Collection Layer in Regular Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have recently emerged as high-performance photovoltaic devices with low cost, promising for affordable large-scale energy production, with laboratory cells already exceeding 20% power conversion efficiency (PCE). To date, a relatively expensive organic hole-conducting molecule with low conductivity, namely spiro-OMeTAD (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis­(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di-<i>p</i>-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9′- spirobifluorene), is employed widely to achieve highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Here, we report that by replacing spiro-OMeTAD with much cheaper and highly conductive poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) we can achieve PCE of up to 14.5%, with PEDOT cast from a toluene based ink. However, the stabilized power output of the PEDOT-based devices is only 6.6%, in comparison to 9.4% for the spiro-OMeTAD-based cells. We deduce that accelerated recombination is the cause for this lower stabilized power output and postulate that reduced levels of p-doping are required to match the stabilized performance of Spiro-OMeTAD. The entirely of the materials employed in the perovskite solar cell are now available at commodity scale and extremely inexpensive