Timetree of various insect species in which we found evidence for horizontal transfer of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> (A) or/and <i>Trichoplusia ni</i> (B) transposable elements (TEs) found integrated in one or more AcMNPV populations.

Abstract

<p>Names of contig containing TEs correspond to those in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005838#pgen.1005838.s004" target="_blank">S4</a> and <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005838#pgen.1005838.s005" target="_blank">S5</a> Tables. Black dots indicate that we have found a Blastn hit aligning with at least 85% nucleotide identity over at least 100 bp to a <i>S</i>. <i>exigua</i> or <i>T</i>. <i>ni</i> TE. For example, the figure shows that the <i>S</i>. <i>exigua</i> contig called Spodo_Contig_23 (which is a <i>piggybac</i> TE according to <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005838#pgen.1005838.s004" target="_blank">S4 Table</a>) was horizontally transferred between <i>S</i>. <i>exigua</i>, <i>Danaus plexipus</i> and <i>Glossina fusciceps</i>. Numbers on top of contig names indicate the level (or range) of nucleotide identity between each <i>S</i>. <i>exigua</i> or <i>T</i>. <i>ni</i> TE and their Blastn hit(s) in other species (in percentages). Numbers between brackets at the right of taxa names are the average percent similarities for 11 conserved genes between <i>S</i>. <i>exigua</i> or <i>T</i>. <i>ni</i> and the other species. These percent similarities are derived from synonymous distances (dS) calculated for each gene and are equal to (1 –dS) × 100. All distances are provided in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005838#pgen.1005838.s004" target="_blank">S4</a> and <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005838#pgen.1005838.s005" target="_blank">S5</a> Tables. Divergence times were taken from refs [<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005838#pgen.1005838.ref044" target="_blank">44</a>–<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005838#pgen.1005838.ref046" target="_blank">46</a>]. Divergence times between Nymphalidae species are unknown and were set arbitrarily at 50 million years for illustrative purposes. *Species known to be susceptible to AcMNPV [<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005838#pgen.1005838.ref029" target="_blank">29</a>].</p