Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationships of Azolylmethylpyrroloquinolines as Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitors

Abstract

A small library of both [2,3-<i>h</i>] and [3,2-<i>f</i>] novel pyrroloquinolines equipped with an azolylmethyl group was designed and synthesized as nonsteroidal CYP19 aromatase inhibitors. The results showed that azolylmethyl derivatives <b>11</b>, <b>13</b>, <b>14</b>, <b>21</b>, and <b>22</b> exhibited an inhibitory potency on aromatase comparable to that of letrozole chosen as a reference compound. When assayed on CYP11B1 (steroid-11β-hydroxylase) and CYP17 (17α-hydroxy/17,20-lyase), compound <b>22</b> was found to be the best and most selective CYP19 inhibitor of them all. In a panel of nine human cancer cell lines, all compounds were either slightly cytotoxic or not at all. Docking simulations were carried out to inspect crucial enzyme/inhibitor interactions such as hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and heme iron coordination. This study, along with the prediction of the pharmacokinetics of compounds <b>11</b>, <b>13</b>, <b>14</b>, <b>21</b>, and <b>22</b>, demonstrates that the pyrroloquinoline scaffold represents a starting point for the development of new pyrroloquinoline-based aromatase inhibitors