Regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator system in tumor cells

Abstract

Sustav urokinaznoga plazminogenskoga aktivatora (uPA) regulira razgradnju izvanstaničnog matriksa aktivacijom sveprisutne proteaze plazmina. Sudjeluje u nizu fizioloških i patoloških procesa te stanično je specifično reguliran u organizmu na razini ekspresije proenzima, inhibitora i receptora. U ovom je radu opisana regulacija sustava uPA kod stanica glioblastoma A1235, manjkavih u popravku alkilirajućeg oštećenja, nakon obrade inhibitorom poli(ADP-ribozil) polimeraze-1 (PARP-1) i alkilirajućim agensom N-metil-N'-nitro-N-nitrozoguanidinom (MNNG). MNNG je povećao uPA aktivnost u uskom rasponu koncentracija, u uvjetima visoke vijabilnosti, ali i zaustavljenog staničnog ciklusa. U tim je uvjetima inhibicija PARP-1 modulirala indukciju uPA aktivnosti inhibicijom popravka oštećenja DNA. Aktivacija uPA bila je posljedica promjene u odnosu ekspresije uPA i njegovog inhibitora PAI-1 u čemu je sudjelovao niz signalnih puteva. U drugom dijelu istraživanja našli smo da je derivat aspirina, natrijev salicilat (NaS) kod stanica tumora dojke MDA MB-231 promijenio ekspresiju uPA i PAI-1 i na taj način smanjio uPA aktivnost u ovisnosti o koncentraciji i vremenu tretmana. NaS je također smanjio ekspresiju integrinskih podjedinica αV i β5, zaustavio stanični rast i inducirao morfološke promjene. Ovi rezultati svjedoče o složenoj regulaciji sustava uPA koja je stanično specifična i uključuje niz signalnih puteva.Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system regulates extracellular matrix remodeling by activating ubiquitous protease plasmin. The system is involved in various physiological and pathological processes and its regulation is cell specific involving the regulation of proenzyme, its inhibitors and receptor. This thesis describes the regulation of uPA system in A1235 glioblastoma cells, deficient in alkylation damage repair, after the treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor and alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). MNNG has induced an increase in uPA activity in the narrow range of concentrations, under the conditions of high viability and the cell cycle arrest. In these experimental conditions, inhibition of PARP-1 has modulated induced uPA activity influencing the process of DNA repair. Increase in uPA activity was a consequence of change in the balance between uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 expression and involved various signaling pathways. In the second part of this research, we found that sodium salicylate (NaS), a derivative of aspirin, has changed the expression of uPA and PAI-1 in MDA MB-231 breast cancer cells and inhibited uPA activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. NaS has also inhibited the expression of αV i β5 integrin subunits, arrested cell growth and induced morphological changes. These results altogether confirmed the complex nature of uPA system regulation which is cell specific and involves various signaling pathways