Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Heterometallic Thorium Aluminum Polynuclear Molecular Clusters

Abstract

Aluminum can undergo hydrolysis in aqueous solutions leading to the formation of soluble molecular clusters, including polynuclear species that range from 1 to 2 nm in diameter. While the behavior of aluminum has been extensively investigated, much less is known about the hydrolysis of more complex mixed-metal systems. This study focuses on the structural characteristics of heterometallic thorium–aluminum molecular species that may have important implications for the speciation of tetravalent actinides in radioactive waste streams and environmental systems. Two mixed metal (Th⁴⁺/Al³⁺) polynuclear species have been synthesized under ambient conditions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Th₂Al₆(OH)₁₄(H₂O)₁₂(hedta)₂]­(NO₃)₆(H₂O)₁₂ (<b>ThAl1</b>) crystallizes in space group <i>P</i>2₁/<i>c</i> with unit cell parameters of <i>a</i> = 11.198(1) Å, <i>b</i> = 14.210(2) Å, <i>c</i> = 23.115(3) Å, and β = 96.375° and [Th₂Al₈(OH)₁₂(H₂O)₁₀(hdpta)₄]­(H₂O)₂₁ (<b>ThAl2</b>) was modeled in <i>P</i>1̅ with <i>a</i> = 13.136(4) Å, <i>b</i> = 14.481(4) Å, <i>c</i> = 15.819(4) Å, α = 78.480(9)°, β = 65.666(8)°, γ = 78.272(8)°. Infrared spectra were collected on both compounds, confirming complexation of the ligand to the metal center, and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal degradation of these compounds resulted in the formation of an amorphous product at high temperatures. These mixed metal species have topological relationships to previously characterized aluminum-based polynuclear species and may provide insights into the adsorption of tetravalent actinides on colloidal or mineral surfaces