Život a dílo Fridolína Macháčka a Václava Vojtíška nebylo dosud monograficky zpracováno, proto tato práce přináší nové poznatky na základě dosud nevyužitých pramenů. Pestrá mozaika odborné i zájmové činnosti, ale také soukromého života, byla sestavena s ohledem na obsah vzájemné korespondence z let 1905-1954, která je v kritické edici přílohou této práce. Úkolem bylo též vystopovat, jak se jejich dílo odrazilo v této korespondenci v širším kontextu vývoje československého archivnictví. Je až neuvěřitelné, jak se oba přátelé dokázali naplno a rychle zapojit do odborné práce ve svých archivech i v dalších institucích. K plnému rozmachu jejich činnosti došlo v období první republiky, kdy platili za přední archivní odborníky a zasloužili se o rozvoj mnoha "venkovských" archivů. Tehdy také publikovali své nejzásadnější vědecké práce, založené na dlouholetém archivním výzkumu. Tento rozvoj byl násilím přerušen okupací a následnými životními zkouškami. Prošli jimi nezlomeni a pracovali dále v rámci možností. Po osvobození už můžeme sledovat rozdílné cesty obou přátel: Vojtíšek se znovu plně zapojil nejen do archivní práce, ale také do výuky pomocných věd historických na pražské univerzitě. Byl přijat mezi akademiky nově ustavené ČSAV a sbíral oficiální ocenění své práce. Macháček naopak, kromě činnosti ve vedení..

Agneta Oskarsson (2582860)

Christopher H. Knight (625111)

Jonas Tallkvist (2582854)

Yagmur Yagdiran (2582857)

PubMed

<div>Some chemicals are ligands to efflux transporters which may result in high concentrations in milk. Limited knowledge is available on the influence of maternal exposure to chemicals on the expression and function of transporters in the lactating mammary gland. We determined gene expression of ABC and SLC transporters in murine mammary tissue of different gestation and lactation stages, in murine mammary cells (HC11) featuring resting and secreting phenotypes and in bovine mammary tissue and cells (BME-UV). Effects on transporter expression and function of the imidazole fungicide prochloraz, previously reported to influence BCRP in mammary cells, was investigated on transporter expression and function in the two cell lines. Transporters studied were BCRP, MDR1, MRP1, OATP1A5/OATP1A2, OCTN1 and OCT1. Gene expressions of BCRP and OCT1 in murine mammary glands were increased during gestation and lactation, whereas MDR1, MRP1, OATP1A5 and OCTN1 were decreased, compared to expressions in virgins. All transporters measured in mammary glands of mice were detected in bovine mammary tissue and in HC11 cells, while only MDR1 and MRP1 were detected in BME-UV cells. Prochloraz treatment induced MDR1 gene and protein expression in both differentiated HC11 and BME-UV cells and increased protein function in HC11 cells, resulting in decreased accumulation of the MDR1 substrate digoxin. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that murine (HC11) and bovine (BME-UV) mammary epithelial cells can be applied to characterize expression and function of transporters as well as effects of contaminants on the mammary transporters. An altered expression, induced by a drug or toxic chemical, on any of the transporters expressed in the mammary epithelial cells during lactation may modulate the well-balanced composition of nutrients and/or secretion of contaminants in milk with potential adverse effects on breast-fed infants and dairy consumers.</div

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ABC- and SLC-Transporters in Murine and Bovine Mammary Epithelium - Effects of Prochloraz

Some chemicals are ligands to efflux transporters which may result in high concentrations in milk. Limited knowledge is available on the influence of maternal exposure to chemicals on the expression and function of transporters in the lactating mammary gland. We determined gene expression of ABC and SLC transporters in murine mammary tissue of different gestation and lactation stages, in murine mammary cells (HC11) featuring resting and secreting phenotypes and in bovine mammary tissue and cells (BME-UV). Effects on transporter expression and function of the imidazole fungicide prochloraz, previously reported to influence BCRP in mammary cells, was investigated on transporter expression and function in the two cell lines. Transporters studied were BCRP, MDR1, MRP1, OATP1A5/OATP1A2, OCTN1 and OCT1. Gene expressions of BCRP and OCT1 in murine mammary glands were increased during gestation and lactation, whereas MDR1, MRP1, OATP1A5 and OCTN1 were decreased, compared to expressions in virgins. All transporters measured in mammary glands of mice were detected in bovine mammary tissue and in HC11 cells, while only MDR1 and MRP1 were detected in BME-UV cells. Prochloraz treatment induced MDR1 gene and protein expression in both differentiated HC11 and BME-UV cells and increased protein function in HC11 cells, resulting in decreased accumulation of the MDR1 substrate digoxin. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that murine (HC11) and bovine (BME-UV) mammary epithelial cells can be applied to characterize expression and function of transporters as well as effects of contaminants on the mammary transporters. An altered expression, induced by a drug or toxic chemical, on any of the transporters expressed in the mammary epithelial cells during lactation may modulate the well-balanced composition of nutrients and/or secretion of contaminants in milk with potential adverse effects on breast-fed infants and dairy consumers

Yagmur Yagdiran

Agneta Oskarsson

Christopher H Knight

Jonas Tallkvist

Directory of Open Access Journals

PLoS ONE

ABC- and SLC-Transporters in Murine and Bovine Mammary Epithelium--Effects of Prochloraz.

Relative gene expression of CSN2 and transporters (A-G) in undifferentiated and differentiated HC11 cells. Normalized gene expressions (A-G) are presented as means ± SD; n = 6 pooled from 2 separate experiments. Statistically significant differences as compared to undifferentiated controls *p≤0.05; **p≤0.01.</p

ABC- and SLC-Transporters in Murine and Bovine Mammary Epithelium - Effects of Prochloraz - Fig 2

Relative gene expression of CSN2 and transporters (A-G) following prochloraz treatment in differentiated HC11 cells. Normalized gene expressions are presented as means ± SD; n = 6 pooled from 2 separate experiments. Statistically significant differences as compared to vehicle controls *p≤0.05; **p≤0.01.</p

ABC- and SLC-Transporters in Murine and Bovine Mammary Epithelium - Effects of Prochloraz - Fig 5

Relative gene expression of CSN2 and transporters (A-G) in the mammary gland of mice. Mammary glands were taken from virgin, pregnant (gestation day 13 and 18), lactating (lactation day 2 and 9) and weaning (weaning day 2) mice. Normalized gene expressions (A-G) are shown relative to virgin and the data is presented as means ± SD; n = 3–4. Statistically significant differences as compared to virgins *p ≤0.05; **p≤0.01.</p

ABC- and SLC-Transporters in Murine and Bovine Mammary Epithelium - Effects of Prochloraz - Fig 1

Janečková, Jitka

National Repository of Grey Literature