<p>The Ekofisk Field is a giant field which has been producing at a high level for more than forty years and, since 1987, this
production has taken place with the support of sea-water injection. The Danian-aged chalk deposits of the Ekofisk Formation
and the Maastrichtian Tor Formation form the main reservoir units in the Ekofisk Field. The Ekofisk Formation principally
consists of porous resedimented chalks intercalated with relatively thin and lower porosity beds, called dense zones. A multi-scale
study of dense zones, from scanning electron microscopy to wells and seismic impedance data, has allowed the characterization
and mapping of these deposits. Five main dense zone lithotypes have been identified: (1) argillaceous chalk; (2) chalk with
abundant flint nodules; (3) chalk beds cemented with silica/nano-quartz; (4) calcite-cemented chalk; and (5) stylolitized
chalk. The different types of dense zones tend to cluster in certain stratigraphic intervals, such as the EE and EM reservoir
units at the base and in the middle part of the Ekofisk Formation. Dense zones have different mechanical properties compared
to porous chalks and, depending on the connectivity of their fracture networks, they can act as preferential conduits or baffles
for the reservoir fluids. An increased understanding of the distribution, characteristics and geological factors at the origin
of the dense zones is fundamental to better define the reservoir architecture and ultimately identify unswept zones for future
infill drilling targets.
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