Bartlett, M.S.

Pantic, M.

English

Maja Pantic

Marian Stewart

Crossref

Machine Analysis of Facial Expressions

The human face is the site for major sensory inputs and major communicative outputs. It houses the majority of our sensory apparatus as well as our speech production apparatus. It is used to identify other members of our species, to gather information about age, gender, attractiveness, and personality, and to regulate conversation by gazing or nodding. Moreover, the human face is our preeminent means of communicating and understanding somebody’s affective state and intentions on the basis of the shown facial expression (Keltner &amp; Ekman, 2000). Thus, the human face is a multi-signal input-output communicative system capable of tremendous flexibility and specificity (Ekman &amp; Friesen, 1975). In general, the human face conveys information via four kinds of signals. (a) Static facial signals represent relatively permanent features of the face, such as the bony structure, the soft tissue, and the overall proportions of the face. These signals contribute to an individual’s appearance and are usually exploited for person identification. (b) Slow facial signals represent changes in the appearance of the face that occur gradually over time, such as development of permanent wrinkles and changes in skin texture

Marian Stewart Bartlett

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Machine Analysis of Facial Expressions

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