Plant–insect interactions from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Furkelpass and related floras, of the Richthofen Formation near Olang/Valdaora in the northern Dolomites.
<p><b>A</b>: Extensive margin feeding (DT12, DT14) of pinnular foliage on the pteridosperm <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i>, indicated by black arrows. Specimen PAL-492. <b>B</b>: The pinnular margin of <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i> is altered along its blade by margin feeding (DT12), indicated by black arrows. Specimen PAL-523. <b>C</b>: Another pinnule of <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i> displaying margin feeding damage (DT12, DT143). Specimen PAL-466. <b>D</b>: Pinnule of <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i>, exhibiting single (DT12) and multiple (DT143) examples of margin feeding. Specimen PAL-513. <b>E</b>: A <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i> pinnule displaying single and continuous margin feeding (DT12, DT143). Specimen PAL-481. <b>F</b>: Margin feeding (DT12) on the pteridosperm <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i>. Specimen PAL-473. <b>G</b>: A frond portion of <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i> with several pinnules, one of which displays an example of slot feeding (DT08). Specimen PAL-469. <b>H</b>: Enlargement of pinnule in the polygon at the lower-left of (G), showing slot feeding. <b>I</b>: A specimen of showing a miniscule example of oviposition (DT76) on woody tissue, indicated by a black arrow. Specimen PAL-468. <b>J</b>: A pinnular fragment of <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i> with extensive margin feeding (DT12, DT14) one of which is illustrated at the white arrow. Specimen PAL-483. <b>K</b>: Paired piercing-and-sucking marks (DT46, DT47) indicated by black arrows, on <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i>. Specimen PAL-491. <b>L</b>: Ovipositional damage (DT175) to <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i>, indicated by black arrows. Specimen PAL-510. <b>M</b>: Several examples of slot feeding (DT08), indicated by arrows, on <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i>. Specimen PAL-518. <b>N</b>: A probable leaf mine (DT41) on a pinnule of <i>Scytophyllum bergeri</i>. Leaf mine margins are indicated by a drawn, dotted line. Main mine body indicated by white arrow and possible terminus by black arrow. Specimen PAL-517. All specimens are reposited in the Museum of Nature South Tyrol (MNS), in Bolzano, Italy. Scale bars: striped = 1 mm; solid = 10 mm.</p
