Contains all Supplementary Figures and Supplementary Tables plus their captions: Figure S1. Clustering validation of reference blood database. Figure S2. Validation of EpiDISH. Figure S3. Improvement of inference using DHS data in 3 independent data sets. Figure S4. Comparison of reference-based methods. Figure S5. Comparative performance of reference-based methods in an EWAS of smoking. Table S1. The blood reference database. Table S2. Gold-standard list of 62 smoking-associated DMCs (sDMCs). Table S3. Smoking-associated DMCs with no adjustment for cell-type composition. Table S4. Smoking-associated DMCs as obtained using EpiDISH. (PDF 1241 kb