<p>A pentacyclic triterpene, named salvibuchanic acid (<b>1</b>), together with five known compounds, were isolated from the roots of <i>Salvia buchananii</i> Hedge (Lamiaceae). The structural characterisation of all compounds was performed by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. The lupane triterpene (<b>1</b>) and hyptadienic acid (<b>2</b>) were investigated for their potential cytotoxic activity on Jurkat, HeLa and MCF7 cell lines. Both compounds showed an interesting antiproliferative activity with similar potency in all cell lines. By means of flow cytometric studies, hyptadienic acid (<b>2</b>) induced in HeLa cells a S cell cycle block, while <b>1</b> elicited both cytostatic and cytotoxic responses.</p
