Differences in expression level among different clades of VRs. (A) Expression of all V1r clades are represented in all strains. Clade J receptor genes are more highly expressed than receptors of other clades. (B) Expression of all V2r clades are represented in all strains. (PDF 558Â kb

Ariel Paulson (155583)

C. Ron Yu (438711)

Kyle Duyck (4681789)

Limei Ma (438710)

Vasha DuTell (4681792)

BMC Genomics

Distribution of uniquely mapped, multi-mapped and unmapped reads among the samples presented as total reads (A) and percentage of reads (B). (PDF 464Â kb

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Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Pronounced strain-specific chemosensory receptor gene expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ

Sequence comparison of functionalized pseudogene. Alignment of Vmn1r-ps27 from SWR with Vmn1r-ps27 and Vmn1r42 from B6. (PDF 814Â kb

Additional file 7: Figure S7. of Pronounced strain-specific chemosensory receptor gene expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ

Additional file 5: Figure S5. of Pronounced strain-specific chemosensory receptor gene expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ

Differentially expressed chemosensory genes other than V1r and V2r families. (PDF 138Â kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Pronounced strain-specific chemosensory receptor gene expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ

High degree of polymorphism and differential expression of VR genes among strains. (A-F) Example track files illustrating the mapping of reads to individual VR genes. Each track is a superposition of four individual samples with SNPs highlighted as vertical lines with substitutions represented as follows: thymine as red, guanine as brown, cytosine as blue, and adenine as green. (PDF 4541Â kb

Additional file 4: Figure S4. of Pronounced strain-specific chemosensory receptor gene expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ

Abstract Background The chemosensory system plays an important role in orchestrating sexual behaviors in mammals. Pheromones trigger sexually dimorphic behaviors and different mouse strains exhibit differential responses to pheromone stimuli. It has been speculated that differential gene expression in the sensory organs that detect pheromones may underlie sexually-dimorphic and strain-specific responses to pheromone cues. Results We have performed transcriptome analyses of the mouse vomeronasal organ, a sensory organ recognizing pheromones and interspecies cues. We find little evidence of sexual dimorphism in gene expression except for Xist, an essential gene for X-linked gene inactivation. Variations in gene expression are found mainly among strains, with genes from immune response and chemosensory receptor classes dominating the list. Differentially expressed genes are concentrated in genomic hotspots enriched in these families of genes. Some chemosensory receptors show exclusive patterns of expression in different strains. We find high levels of single nucleotide polymorphism in chemosensory receptor pseudogenes, some of which lead to functionalized receptors. Moreover, we identify a number of differentially expressed long noncoding RNA species showing strong correlation or anti-correlation with chemoreceptor genes. Conclusions Our analyses provide little evidence supporting sexually dimorphic gene expression in the vomeronasal organ that may underlie dimorphic pheromone responses. In contrast, we find pronounced variations in the expression of immune response related genes, vomeronasal and G-protein coupled receptor genes among different mouse strains. These findings raised the possibility that diverse strains of mouse perceive pheromone cues differently and behavioral difference among strains in response to pheromone may first arise from differential detection of pheromones. On the other hand, sexually dimorphic responses to pheromones more likely originate from dimorphic neural circuits in the brain than from differential detection. Moreover, noncoding RNA may offer a potential regulatory mechanism controlling the differential expression patterns

Kyle Duyck

Vasha DuTell

Limei Ma

Ariel Paulson

C. Ron Yu

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Pronounced strain-specific chemosensory receptor gene expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ

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Additional file 5: Figure S5. of Pronounced strain-specific chemosensory receptor gene expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ

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