Abstract

<p>One day after inoculating mice with B16-F10 cells, the animals were orally vaccinated (three times at one-week intervals). Additionally, on days 9, 11 and 13 following inoculation with cancer cells, IL-12 was injected directly into tumors. Moreover, liposomes (‘empty’ liposomes (control) or Clodronate liposomes (Clodr.)) were delivered intraperitoneally (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0191012#sec002" target="_blank">Materials and methods</a>). Depletion of TAMs decreased recruitment of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to control mice tumors, but in tumors of mice treated with combined therapy we observed over 75% decrease in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells infiltration. Tumors (n = 5) were collected 20 days after challenge and stained with antibody against CD8a. Magnification 20×. *<i>P</i><0.005 compared with control (PBS¯) group, **<i>P</i><0.00001 compared with control (PBS¯), Clodr. and ENG+IL-12 + Clodr. groups ***<i>P</i><0.00001 compared with ENG+IL-12 group; the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the <i>post hoc</i> multiple comparisons of rank sums test.</p

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