The article is dedicated to the exposition "Christian philosophy" of Metropolitan Philaret and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Particular attention is devoted to Christian thought in their work, in the context of epochal changes in the key issues of Christian anthropology, in mutual relationship and complement. The article discusses the important relationship between anthropology, Christology and ecclesiology. Their mutual relations can show some characteristic features of the evolution of the theology of the Church in the works of both thinkers