"The purpose of this study was to identify changes in gene transcription that occur in the soleus muscle of untrained, 10 week old rats following a single aerobic exercise bout of 2 hours. Of particular interest were genes involved in the production or protection from RONS. Rats were either run (experimental) for 2 hours or were rested (controls) and were killed 1 hour post-exercise with controls killed at a matched time. The soleus muscles from each animal were pooled and examined using DNA microarray technology. The microarray identified 52 genes significantly different between the conditions. The major gene families altered were metabolism (~10% of all genes altered), apoptosis (~8% of all genes altered), muscle contraction (~10% of all genes altered), transcription/cell signaling (~17%of all genes altered), tissue generation (~15.5% of all genes altered), and inflammation (~10% of all genes altered. To confirm the findings of specific genes from the microarray, real time PCR was performed on 4 genes of interest (NFκB, TNFα, Atf3, and Mgst1). The results from the PCR analysis on these 4 genes were consistent with the microarray results. NFκB and TNFα were not significantly altered on the microarray or PCR analysis, whereas Atf3 (up-regulated) and Mgst1 (down-regulated) were found to be significantly altered in exercised animals by both methods. Genes related to RONS protection were down-regulated. Western Blot analysis was used to check if protein level was correspondingly altered. The process from gene transcription to protein translational is a complex process that may not coincide. NFκB protein level was not different between the 2 groups, matching the results obtained with NFκB gene level. Atf-3 protein level was elevated in the exercise group, matching the results obtained with Atf-3 gene level. These data suggest that one hour after a 2 hour run at ~65% of VO2 max, the soleus muscle undergoes changes in gene expression. These significant changes occurred in the areas of metabolism, apoptosis, muscle contraction, transcription/cell signaling, tissue generation, and inflammatory genes. Transcription of many genes involved in production of RONS was elevated, while that of genes involved in RONS protection were either depressed or unaltered."--Abstract from author supplied metadata
