Ankara Üniversitesi - Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü
Abstract
The knowledge gained through scientific and systematic work needed to be shared with others to have a meaning and this development took place along with socialization and several social activities. The change of the old knowledge known since the ancient times with the emergence of new knowledge, as it is the case all around the world, has also led to the political shaking and influences on the society and social institutions in our country. The initial period of establishment which could be defined as positive, has come to an end with the inability of the Ottoman Empire to adopt to the developments came with Renaissance and Reform in the West. The nation-building efforts fueled with the French Revolution also spread to the Ottoman society. In the XVIII century, steps were made by the Ottoman rulers to cope with the developments in the West and first modernization efforts were seen in the military end engineering education fields. But the new ways of using the information and development of libraries could not stop the backward movement of the Empire. Reforms and the I. and II. Constitutional Monarchy periods, times of destructive wars, have led to great changes in the Ottoman social life and institutions. Different political movements have influenced the Ottoman society and institutions in the XIX century. The confrontations and conflicts emerged from contradictory political movements continued till the foundation and afterwards of the Republic The individuals who led certain institutions, also reflected their own personal worldviews, besides the Republican principles, to the institutions they work in. The field of information/knowledge and document administration was also greatly affected by the political developments and the ideological approaches of those who took the lead in this field. The leading conservative structure, which was Turkish nationalist in the beginning but then became pro-German nationalist and then pro-American, has for long years dominated the knowledge/information and document administration field creating its ""micro government"" there. The political motivations of the persons who were influential in the field and the conflict and frictions among them had a negative impact on the development of institutions and thus negatively influenced both the state's and citizens' approach towards information/knowledge and the members of the occupation
