This research aims at: (1) finding out the effects of social mobility in the novel to the changing of human thoughts and attitudes; (2) scrutinizing the female main character’s

struggle for her right to choose her spouse; and (3) revealing the relation of British social

background in nineteenth century and Jane Austen’s Persuasion’s story. The qualitative research is carried out by making use of the descriptive method. The

researcher analyzes the data by using feminist and sociology of literature. The analysis is used for: describing the extrinsic elements of the novel including the background of the novel’s production and Jane Austen’s life; analyzing the psychological motivations of changing thought and attitudes of each character of the novel. Based on the result of the data analysis, the research findings are: (1) The social

mobility happens in Austen’s Persuasion. brings about some influences to the characters’ attitudes and thought; (2) the female main character do some struggles for obtaining her right to choose her spouse; (3) there is a close relation between the Jane Austen’s Persuasion and its context of production in the nineteenth century. The result of this research implies that the there are some significant changing on human thought and attitudes in Jane Austen’s

Persuasion; there some efforts done by the female main character to struggle for her right to choose her spouse and the last, there is a close relation between Jane Austen’s Persuasion and its context of productio

, Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S

, Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.

Kumala, Achmasepti

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 SOCIAL MOBILITY AND STRUGGLE FOR WOMEN’S RIGHT TO CHOOSE SPOUSES IN JANE AUSTEN’S  PERSUASION   THESIS Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Getting the Post Graduate Degree of Language Department at Muhammadiyah Surakarta University     By: ACHMASEPTI KUMALA S 200 110 011    PROGRAM STUDI PENGKAJIAN BAHASA POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2013                MOTTO   IT IS A SHAME FOR A WOMAN TO GROW OLD WITHOUT EVER SEEING THE STRENGTH AND BEAUTY  OF WHICH HER BODY IS CAPABLE. (SOCRATES)  THE STRONG EMERGING WOMAN WILL BE STRONG MINDED, STRONG HEARTED, STRONG SOULED AND STRONG BODIED.  STRENGTH AND BEAUTY MUST GO TOGETHER. (LOUISA MAY ALCOTT)         v              DEDICATION  My beloved husband, Dedi Triaprianto, who always encourages me My lovely children, Azmi Rafif Hibatullah and Fadia Filza Mahira My proud parents and parents in law My brothers and sisters My best friends     vi     ABSTRACT Achmasepti Kumala, S 200 110 011, 2013. Social Mobility and Struggle for Women’s Right to Choose Spouses. Thesis. Magister of Language Study. Faculty of Language Department. Muhammadiyah Surakarta University. Advisors: (1) Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed. (2) Drs. Moch.Toyibi, M.S.   This research aims at: (1) finding out the effects of social mobility in the novel to the changing of human thoughts and attitudes; (2) scrutinizing the female main character’s struggle for her right to choose her spouse; and (3) revealing the relation of British social background in nineteenth century and Jane Austen’s Persuasion’s story.  The qualitative research is carried out by making use of the descriptive method. The researcher analyzes the data by using feminist and sociology of literature. The analysis is used for: describing the extrinsic elements of the novel including the background of the novel’s production and Jane Austen’s life; analyzing the psychological motivations of changing thought and attitudes of each character of the novel. Based on the result of the data analysis, the research findings are: (1) The social mobility happens in Austen’s Persuasion. brings about some influences to the characters’ attitudes and thought; (2) the female main character do some struggles for obtaining her right to choose her spouse; (3) there is a close relation between the Jane Austen’s Persuasion and its context of production in the nineteenth century. The result of this research implies that the there are some significant changing on human thought and attitudes in Jane Austen’s Persuasion; there some efforts done by the female main character to struggle for her right to choose her spouse and the last, there is a close relation between Jane Austen’s Persuasion and its context of production.  Keywords: mobility, thoughts, attitudes, women’s right                                                                                    vii      ABSTRAK Achmasepti Kumala, S 200 110 011, 2013. Social Mobility and Struggle for Women’s Right to Choose Spouses. Tesis. Magister Pengkajian Bahasa. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Dosen Pembimbing: (1) Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed. (2) Drs. Moch.Toyibi, M.S.   Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menemukan apakah ada dampak-dampak yang terjadi pada cara berfikir dan gaya hidup (perilaku) manusia setelah terjadi mobilitas sosial; (2) mengetahui adanya usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh tokoh utama wanita dalam novel Persuasion untuk memperoleh haknya dalam memilih pasangan hidup; dan (3) mengungkap adanya korelasi antara latar belakang sosial negara Inggris pada abad XIX saat novel diproduksi dengan paparan cerita novel Jane Austen,  Persuasion.  Penelitian qualitatif ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dimana peneliti menganalisa data dengan menggunakan dua jenis pendekatan teori yaitu feminist dan sosiologi sastra. Analisis inid digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan element-element ekstrinsik dari novel, termasuk latar belakang produksi dan kehidupan Jane Austen sebagai penulis; menganalisa motivasi psikologis yang mendorong perubahan pola pikir dan perilaku sosial (gaya hidup) dari masing-masing tokoh untuk beradaptasi dengan mobilitas sosial yang mereka alami. Berdasarkan analisa, ditemukan hasil bahwa: (1) mobilitas sosial membawa dampak terhadap perubahan pola pikir dan perilaku pada manusia (tokoh-tokoh cerita); (2) ada usaha-usaha dari tokoh utama wanita untuk mendapatkan haknya dalam memilih pasangan hidup; (3) Ada hubungan antara cerita dalam novel Jane Austen, Persuasion, dengan konteks produksinya yaitu Inggris di abad XIX. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mobilitas sosial dalam cerita novel Persuasion mempengaruhi atau berdampak pada perubahan pola pikir dan perilaku tokoh-tokohnya, ada usaha-usaha dari tokoh utama wanita dalam novel untuk mendapatkan haknya dalam memilih pasangan hidup, dan ada hubungan antara cerita novel dengan konteks produksi yang melatarbelakanginya.  Kata Kunci: mobilitas, pola pikir, perilaku, hak wanita        PRONOUNCEMENT I am the writer of this thesis, Name     :  ACHMASEPTI KUMALA NIM     :  S 200 110 011 Programme   :  Magister Pengkajian Bahasa (MPB)  Focus  on    :  Literature Title               : SOCIAL MOBILITY AND  STRUGGLE FOR WOMEN’S RIGHT TO CHOOSE SPOUSES IN JANE AUSTEN’S PERSUASION    Certify that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible for its contents. Otherwise, there are some other writer’s opinions for findings included in this thesis but they are quoted or cited in accordance with ethical standard. When there is an evidence that this thesis is a kind of plagiarism, I will accept the cancellation of my post graduate degree given by Muhammadiyah Surakarta University.         Surakarta,  June 2013       Sincerely,        Achmasepti Kumala                                                                  viii    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the Almighty and Merciful. Prase is only to Allah for all His abundant blessing, mercies, and guidance, so that the researcher is able to complete this thesis. She would also like to express her deep gratitudes to the following people: 1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, The Director of Muhammadiyah Surakarta University, 2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department, 3. Mrs. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed and Mr. Drs. Moch. Thoyibi, M.S, the advisors of this thesis, for their helpful and sincere guidance, understanding, patience, and friendship, 4. Mr. Sariyono, S.Pd, M.M, Mr. Mulyadi Slamet Widodo, S.Pd, M.Pd, and Mr. Winarto, S.Pd, M.Hum. (the principals of SMP N 3 Pati) who give me a chance to continue my study at Muhammadiyah Surakarta University, 5. my beloved family, Dedi Triaprianto (husband), Azmi Rafif Hibatullah (son) and Fadia Filza Mahira (daughter), for their support, encouragement, quiet patience , unwavering love were undeniably the bedrock upon which several years of my life have been built, tolerance and  unyielding devotion and love,  6. my parents, parents in law, brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews and best friends who provided me with unending encouragement and support. Finally, the researcher requires constructive suggestions for the progress of the next study. She hopes this research will be advantageous for leading to more inspiring researches.         Surakarta, June 2013 Achmasepti Kumala                                                                           ix  TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE ............................................................................................................................ i NOTE OF ADVISOR I ................................................................................................. ii NOTE OF ADVISOR II ................................................................................................ iii ADVISOR'S APPROVAL ............................................................................................ iv MOTTO ......................................................................................................................... v DEDICATION............................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. vii PRONOUNCEMENT ................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................ ix TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER I  INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Research ................................................................ 1 B. Problem Statement ............................................................................... 13 C. Limitation of the Research .................................................................. 13 D. Objective of the Study ......................................................................... 15 E. Significance of the Research ............................................................... 16 F. Thesis Organization ............................................................................. 18   CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .............................................................. 21    A. Review of Previous Research .................................................................. 21    B. Theoretical Foundation ............................................................................ 25    1. Sociology of Literature ..................................................................... 25    2. Social Class  ...................................................................................... 29    3. Social Mobility .................................................................................. 31    4. Social Class and Gender .................................................................... 33    5. Women’s Right .................................................................................. 39    6.  Arranged Marriage ............................................................................ 42               7. Humanistic Psychology .............................................................................. 46 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................................................ 61         A. Type of the Research  ...................................................................................... 61         B. Object of the Research ..................................................................................... 62         C. Type of the Data and Data Source ................................................................... 62         D. Technique of the data Collection ..................................................................... 63         E. Technique of Data Analysis .............................................................................. 64 x   CHAPTER IV NINETEENTH CENTURY BRITAIN .......................................................................... 66         A. Political aspect ...................................................................................................... 66         B. Social Aspect ......................................................................................................... 72         C. Economic Aspect .................................................................................................. 77         D. Cultural aspect ...................................................................................................... 82  CHAPTER V EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY ............................................................................. 96         A. Class Division ....................................................................................................... 98         B.  Types and Causes of Social Mobility ................................................................... 102         C. Lifestyles’ Adjustments to the Social Mobility .................................................... 108            1. Estates  ................................................................................................................ 109            2. Carriages  ............................................................................................................ 124            3. Social Gathering .................................................................................................. 129        D. Changing of Thoughts ............................................................................................ 132 CHAPTER VI STRUGGLES FOR RIGHT TO CHOOSE SPOUSES ................................................ 138 A.  Causes of Being Persuaded ....................................................................... 140 B.  Anne’s Deepest Regret .............................................................................. 142 C.  Efforts to Survive from Feeling of Regret ................................................. 145 D.  Moments of Rising from Fatalism ............................................................. 154 E.  Struggles for the Right to Choose Spouse .................................................. 165 F. Violation of Social Rules ............................................................................ 170 CHAPTER VII PERSUASION AND ITS CONTEXT OF PRODUCTION .......................................... 181           A. Nineteenth Century British Mobility and Austen’s Persuasion .......................... 182    1. Class Division .......................................................................................... 182    2. Types and Causes of Social Mobility ...................................................... 185    3. Lifestyles’ Adjustments in Social Mobility ............................................. 189        a. Changing Estates .................................................................................. 190        b. Carriages .............................................................................................. 191        c. Social Gathering  .................................................................................. 194    4. Changing of Thought .................................................................................... 195    5. The Relation of Nineteenth Century Britain and Persuasion’s         Changing of  Thoughts and Attitudes ...................................................... 197    B.  Nineteenth Century Feminist Struggle and Austen’s Persuasion ................. 201 1.   Causes of Being Persuaded ............................................................ 202 2.   Anne’s Deepest Regret .................................................................. 203 3.   Efforts to Survive from feeling of Regret ...................................... 204 xi   4.   Moments of Rising from Fatalism ...................................... 205 5.   Struggles for the Right to Choose Spouses ........................ 206 6.   Violation of Social Rules ................................................... 207 C. Basic Relevance of Persuasion and Women’s       Movement  in  Nineteenth Century ............................................... 208 CHAPTER VIII CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................................................ 214 A.  Conclusion ..................................................................................... 214 B.   Pedagogical Implication ................................................................ 216 C.   Suggestion ..................................................................................... 218 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................. xiv    xii    LIST OF FIGURES   Figure 1: Four Dimensions of Social Mobility .............................................       31  Figure 2: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs ...........................................      55  Figure 3: The Interaction of Basic Hostility and Basic Anxiety with Defenses                 Against Anxiety (Karen Horney’s) .................................................      60  Figure 4: The Relation of Britain Society and the Changing of Thoughts  and  Attitudes ..................................................................................    198  Figure 5: The Relation of Social Mobility and Persuasion”s Struggle for Right  to Choose Spouses .........................................................................     210          xiii 

Social Mobility And Struggle For Women’s Right To Choose Spouses In Jane Austen’s Persuasion

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Social Mobility And Struggle For Women’s Right To Choose Spouses In Jane Austen’s Persuasion

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