This research is aimed at analyzing the structural elements of A Tale of Two Cites and describing a fight againts the social injustice in the story based on Marxist approach. The study focuses on a fight againts social injustice. The major problem of this study is how a fight againts the social injustice is reflected in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities based on Marxist Approach. This research paper is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the

study is A Tale of Two Cities novel written by Charles Dickens. The primary data source is A Tale of Two Cities itself and the secondary data sources are several references, literary criticism, and articles from internet. The method of collecting data is library research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis. The result of the study reveals the way of fight againts the social injustice

in Charles Dickens’ that was inspired by the French Revolution which ranged

from 1789 to 1793, involved an overthrow of the aristocratic ruling order by the

lower classes and was followed by a period of terror. Starting from the

polarization of classes, the cruel and unjust condition, and Revolutionary

movement has led the writer to conclude that Dickens’ A Tale Of Two Cities

clearly reflected the Marxism theor

Hartono, Daisy Ronniasih

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 iA FIGHT AGAINTS THE SOCIAL INJUSTICE IN CHARLES DICKENS’ THE TALE OF TWO CITIES; A MARXIST APPROACH          RESEARCH PAPER  Submitted as Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department    by DAISY RONNIASIH HARTONO A 320 030 343       SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION  MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2012  ii APPROVAL  A FIGHT AGAINTS THE SOCIAL INJUSTICE IN CHARLES DICKEN’S THE TALE OF TWO CITIES; A MARXIST APPROACH    by DAISY RONNIASIH HARTONO A 320 030 343   Approved to be Examined by Consultant Team            Consultant I             Consultant II                        (Drs. Abdillah Nugroho.M.Hum).                (Nur Hidayat, S.Pd).           iiiACCEPTANCE  A FIGHT AGAINTS THE SOCIAL INJUSTICE IN CHARLES DICKEN’S THE TALE OF TWO CITIES; A MARXIST APPROACH  Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta  On October 22, 2012  Team of Examiners: 1. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.        (     ) (Chair person) 2. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.                                (    ) (Member I) 3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S                             (                  ) (Member II)   Dean,   Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M Si. NIK. 574     ivTESTIMONY   Herewith, the writer testifies that in this research there is no work which has been proposed to get bachelor degree in any university and as long as he knew there are no works or statements that have been written or published by other writer, unless they are referred within this research and listed on the bibliography. If in the future, it is proven that there is untruth in his statement above, he will be fully responsible.                           Surakarta, October 22, 2012 The writer  Daisy Ronniasih Hartono  vMOTTO  I won’t give up  (the writer)   I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand. (Confucius)  I will not be concerned at other men's not knowing me, I will be concerned at my own want of ability. (CONFUCIUS)             viDEDICATION             This Study is dedicated to:  My beloved Parents My Sisters My All Friends                          viiACKNOLEDGEMENT     Assalamualaikum wr.wb.  Glory to Allah SWT, The majesty of universe, the most merciful, The Omniscient who has blessed the researcher with the strong drives and health, therefore he can finish this research paper entitled “A FIGHT AGAINTS THE SOCIAL INJUSTICE IN CHARLES DICKENS’ A TALE OF TWO CITIES; MARXIST APPROACH”. This study can be finished because of others who always give the researcher support, prays, helps, guidance, suggestions, and criticism that truly reinforcing. His deepest thanks honor, and appreciations always go to the following persons: 1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2. Titis Setyabudi, SS.M.Hum, the Head of English Department, 3. The first consultant, Drs. Abdillah, M.Hum, who has guided and advised  him wisely and smartly to finish this research paper, 4. The second consultant, Nur Hidayat, S.Pd, who has corrected and criticised his research paper delicately and perfectly, 5. All the lecturers of English Department for their guidance, 6. Both of his beloved parents for loving and taking care of him from the beginning of his life, giving affections, prays and support until recent day, 7. His beloved sisters Ayu and Putri, for attention, pray and support.  viii8. His best friends, Pentagon and D’Auties families: Tunyung, Gunk&Susie, Bagor, Pinjal, Jay’z, Jekex, Topan, Mitrox, Lindut, Risty, Uplik, Kentung, Yudi, Tegoeh, Danank, Andi, for the spirit to make the writer “on fire”, 9. His close friends, Joe, Kriting, Kadallo, Pekel, Besur, Mas a’an, Brandalz, Pedut, Kipli, Kent, Tomblox, Danu, Idos, Tungky, Dendy, Kepix dkk for amazing moment and Rock ‘n Roll time together, 10. His friends from learning group, Anissa nyit2, Desy Bdest, Apri &Novi, Arin, Idhun, for the book and gives counseling to finish the research, 11. His beloved friends, Benz Bendol & Itoot, Remin, Topex, Gomo & Tiec, Fuad, Bemmy, for jokes and laugh together, 12. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one for every helping hand they give in realizing this research paper The researcher realizes that this research is far from being perfect. Therefore any endorsing suggestion and advice are welcome, accepted and needed. He expects that this research paper will be useful for the students who want to analyze Charles Dickens, and can increase the reader’s knowledge related with literary studies. Wassalamu’alaikum wr.wb Surakarta, 22 Oktober, 2012  Daisy Ronniasih Hartono  ixTABLE OF CONTENT page TITLLE  ............................................................................................................ i APPROVAL  ................................................................................................... ii ACCEPTANCE  .............................................................................................. iii TESTIMONY  ................................................................................................ iv MOTTO  .......................................................................................................... v DEDICATION  .............................................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDMENT  .................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENT  ................................................................................ ix SUMMARY  ..................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION  .................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study ...................................................................... 1 B. Previous Study ...................................................................................... 5 C. Problem Statement ................................................................................ 6 D. Limitation of the Study ......................................................................... 6 E. Objective of the Study .......................................................................... 6 F. Benefit of the Study .............................................................................. 6 G. Theoretical Benefit ................................................................................ 6 H. Practical Benefit .................................................................................... 7 I.  J. Research Method .................................................................................. 7 K. Object of the Study ............................................................................... 7  xL. Type of the Data and the Data Source .................................................. 7 M. Technique of the Data Collection ......................................................... 7 N. Technique for Analyzing Data .............................................................. 8 O. Paper Organization ................................................................................ 8 CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY  ................................................. 10 A. Notion of Marxist Perspective .............................................................. 10 B. Major principles .................................................................................... 11 C. Dialectical Materialism ......................................................................... 11 D. Historical Materialism .......................................................................... 12 E. Alienation .............................................................................................. 13 F. Class Struggle ....................................................................................... 15 G. Revolution ............................................................................................. 16 H. Structural Elements of Novel ................................................................ 17 I. Character and Characterization ............................................................. 17 J. Setting ................................................................................................... 18 K. Point of view ......................................................................................... 19 L. Plot ........................................................................................................ 20 M. Style ...................................................................................................... 22 N. Theme ................................................................................................... 24 O. Theoretical Application ........................................................................ 25 CHAPTER III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF FRANCE AND ENGLISH  IN THE MID NINETEENTH CENTURY .  ....................... 27   xiA. France  .............................................................................................. 27 1. Social Aspects  ............................................................................ 27 2. Economic Aspects ....................................................................... 29 3. Political Aspects .......................................................................... 31 4. Science and Technology Aspects ................................................ 33 5. Cultural Aspects .......................................................................... 33 6. Religious Aspects ........................................................................ 35 B.  England  ......................................................................................... 35 1. Social Aspect ............................................................................... 35 2. Economic Aspects ....................................................................... 37 3. Political Aspects .......................................................................... 38 4. Science and Technology Aspects ................................................ 40 5. Cultural Aspects .......................................................................... 42 6. Religious Aspects ........................................................................ 44 CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS  ............................................... 46 A. Structural Elements .......................................................................... 46 1. Characters and Characterization  ................................................. 46 2. Setting .......................................................................................... 53 3. Plot ............................................................................................... 54 4. Point of View ............................................................................... 57 5. Style ............................................................................................. 58 6. Theme .......................................................................................... 63 B. Discussion ........................................................................................ 64  xiiCHAPTER V: MARXIST ANALYSIS OF A TALE OF TWO CITIES ..... 67 A. Marxist Analysis .............................................................................. 67 1. Dialectical Materialism ............................................................... 67 2. Historical Materialism ................................................................. 69 3. Alienation .................................................................................... 74 4. Class Struggle .............................................................................. 75 5. Revolution ................................................................................... 76 B. Discussion ........................................................................................ 80 CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION  .............................. 83 A. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 83 B. Suggestion ........................................................................................ 84 SYNOPSIS BIBLIOGRAPHY VIRTUAL REFERENCES APPENDICES        xiiiSUMMARY   DAISY RONNIASIH HARTONO. NIM: A.320.030.343. A FIGHT AGAINTS THE SOCIAL INJUSTICE IN CHARLES DICKENS’ A TALE OF TWO CITIES: A MARXIST APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2012.  This research is aimed at analyzing the structural elements of A Tale of Two Cites and describing a fight againts the social injustice in the story based on Marxist approach. The study focuses on a fight againts social injustice. The major problem of this study is how a fight againts the social injustice is reflected in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities based on Marxist Approach. This research paper is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the study is A Tale of Two Cities novel written by Charles Dickens. The primary data source is A Tale of Two Cities itself and the secondary data sources are several references, literary criticism, and articles from internet. The method of collecting data is library research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis. The result of the study reveals the way of fight againts the social injustice in Charles Dickens’ that was inspired by the French Revolution which ranged from 1789 to 1793, involved an overthrow of the aristocratic ruling order by the lower classes and was followed by a period of terror. Starting from the polarization of classes, the cruel and unjust condition, and Revolutionary movement has led the writer to conclude that Dickens’ A Tale Of Two Cities clearly reflected the Marxism theory.  Key word: ATOTC (A Tale of Two Cities), Marxist, Social Injustice, Literature, Human being  xiii 

A Fight Againts The Social Injustice In Charles Dickens’ The Tale Of Two Cities; A Marxist Approach

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A Fight Againts The Social Injustice In Charles Dickens’ The Tale Of Two Cities; A Marxist Approach

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