Chang, Chang Ming Sing

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Ageing with joy:the effect of a physical activity programme on the well-being of older people

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Ageing with joy: the effect of a physical activity programme on the well-being of older people

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   University of GroningenAgeing with joyChang, Chang Ming SingIMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublication date:2009Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Chang, C. M. S. (2009). Ageing with joy: the effect of a physical activity programme on the well-being ofolder people. Groningen: s.n.CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 12-11-201912United Nations Principles for Older PersonsIndependence1. Older persons should have access to adequate food, water, shelter, clothing and  health care through the provision of income, family and community support and   self-help.2. Older persons should have the opportunity to work or to have access to other  income-generating opportunities.3. Older persons should be able to participate in determining when and at what   pace withdrawal from the labour force takes place.4. Older persons should have access to appropriate educational and training  programmes.5. Older persons should be able to live in environments that are safe and adaptable   to personal preferences and changing capacities.6. Older persons should be able to reside at home for as long as possible.Participation7. Older persons should remain integrated in society, should participate actively in  the formulation and implementation of policies that directly affect their well-  being, and should share their knowledge and skills with younger generations.8. Older persons should be able to seek and develop opportunities for service to the  community and to serve as volunteers in positions appropriate to their interests  and capabilities.9. Older persons should be able to form movements or associations of older  persons.Care10. Older persons should benefit from family and community care and protection in  accordance with each society’s system of cultural values.11. Older persons should have access to health care to help them to maintain or   regain the optimum level of physical, mental and emotional well-being and to  prevent or delay the onset of illness. 12. Older persons should have access to social and legal services to enhance their  autonomy, protection and care.united nations prinCipLes for oLder personsageing with joy13 13. Older persons should be able to utilize appropriate levels of institutional care  providing protection, rehabilitation and social and mental stimulation in a  humane and secure environment.14. Older persons should be able to enjoy human rights and fundamental freedoms   when residing in any shelter, care or treatment facility, including full respect for   their dignity, beliefs, needs and privacy and for the right to make decisions   about their care and quality of life.Self-fulfillment15. Older persons should be able to pursue opportunities for the full development  of their potential.16. Older persons should have access to the educational, cultural, spiritual and  recreational resources of society.Dignity17. Older persons should be able to live in dignity and security and to be free of  exploitation and physical or mental abuse.18. Older persons should be treated fairly regardless of age, gender, racial or ethnic  background, disability or other status, and to be valued independently of their  economic contributions.united nations prinCipLes for oLder personsageing with joy

University of Groningen Research Database

  
 University of Groningen
Ageing with joy
Chang, Chang Ming Sing
IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from
it. Please check the document version below.
Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Publication date:
2009
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Chang, C. M. S. (2009). Ageing with joy: the effect of a physical activity programme on the well-being of
older people Groningen: s.n.
Copyright
Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the
author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).
Take-down policy
If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately
and investigate your claim.
Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the
number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.
Download date: 11-02-2018
Ageing with joy
The effect of a physical activity programme
on the well-being of older people
A study conducted in five homes for the elderly in Paramaribo
Paranimfen:  Cindy Ambachtsheer-Chang
  Marion Chang
This research was financially supported by a grant from the Eric Bleumink Fonds.
Deze promotiestudie is mogelijk gemaakt door financiële ondersteuning van het  
Eric Bleumink Fonds.
Layout: Claudett de Bruin, I.D. Graphics
Photos: Chang Ming Sing Chang
Print: Leo Victor N.V.
ISBN:  978-90-77113-76-9
Copyright © 2009 by C.M.S. Chang
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any 
means, electronic or mechanical, including photography, recording or any information storage or retrieval 
system, without prior written permission of the copyright owner.
 
Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand 
of openbaar gemaakt in enige vorm of op enige wijze zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van 
de auteur.
RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN
Ageing with joy
The effect of a physical activity programme
on the well-being of older people
A study conducted in five homes for the elderly in Paramaribo
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de
Medische Wetenschappen
aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
op gezag van de
Rector Magnificus, dr. F. Zwarts,
in het openbaar te verdedigen op
woensdag 23 september 2009
om 14.45 uur
door
Chang Ming Sing Chang
geboren op 11 juli 1947
te Paramaribo - Suriname
Promotores:   Prof. dr. J.R. van Horn
     Prof. dr. J.W. Groothoff
      Prof. dr. M.A. Vrede
Copromotor:    Dr. M. Stevens 
 
Beoordelingscommissie:     Prof. dr. S.K. Bulstra
            Prof. dr. S.A. Reijneveld 
    Prof. dr. J.P.J. Slaets
            
Preface
In this study several aspects of human life are being considered. First of all we are 
interested in movement and the different aspects thereof. Since the target group of 
our study is the elderly human being aspects of ageing have to be considered in 
depth to understand the limitations ageing can have on movement especially in 
daily life and functioning. The country where we studied this was the Republic 
of Suriname with a multitude of races and cultures within its boundaries, a very 
specific structure of its population and a tropical location with all its characteristics. 
Suriname is a developing country which imposes restrictions on all available means 
in terms of infrastructure, financial means and most of all because of existing cultural 
differences on the society as a whole. 
 The study of physical activity programmes for the elderly has, to our knowledge, 
never been done before in a developing country and therefore emphasis has to be laid 
upon the very specific circumstances one has to deal with in such an environment.
 We will discuss the ageing global population with reflection on the situation in 
Suriname. The meaning of the words ‘physical activity’ in a former Dutch colony 
like Suriname is explained and the setting of physical activity programmes in an 
elderly population in homes for the elderly is introduced. Like in the rest of the 
world in Suriname there are more women than men especially in the elderly. This 
has an impact on the way physical activity programmes have to be structured and 
conducted as will be discussed in this study.  
 Together with the general theoretical considerations of the concept of movement 
and physical activity aspects of health in relation to the process of ageing the 
structured programmes for physical activity as can be applied to the population in 
general and the elderly in particular will be discussed.
 Next to the material and methods used in this study we will also discuss the 
results obtained in relation to those derived from literature.

Table of contents
List of abbreviations       8
Chapter 1  General introduction and aims of this thesis	 	 11
 Part 1    General overview older population in the world and in Suriname 12
 Part 2    Health, physical fitness and physical activity   27
Chapter 2  How to influence health and fitness in elderly by 
     physical activity: A review of literature                  41
Chapter 3  Material and methods    65
Chapter 4  Results      89
Chapter 5  Discussion and conclusions   103
Summary       119
Samenvatting       122
Appendices       125
Appendix I  Vragenlijst (A-I)      126
Appendix II  Fitheidstest     146
Appendix III Bewegingsprogramma     158
Dankwoord       177
Curriculum vitae      181 
United Nations Principles for Older Persons 182
Graduate School for Health Research SHARE   184 
              


Ageing with joy:the effect of a physical activity programme on the well-being of older people

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Proceedings - University of Groningen

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University of Groningen

Proceedings - University of Groningen

ARTS repository - University of Groningen

Dissertations of the University of Groningen

University of Groningen Research Database