Adsanychanh, N.

Binot, A.

Changleuxai, P.

Danner, G.

Herder, S.

Keonam, K.

Keosengthong, A.

Lacksivy, T.

Meunsen, D.

Ninnasopha, K.

Promburom, P.

Putthana, V.

Sanamxay, D.

Suthammavong, P.

Unger, Fred

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Using a One Health approach to assess and reduce parasitic foodborne diseases such as trichinellosis in Southern Laos18th Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference (KVAC 2017)Khon Kaen, Thailand31 March 2017 £¡¦FOAVannaphone Putthana2,3, Panomsak Promburom 1,2, Thipphakone Lacksivy2,3, Dethaloun Meunsen2,3, Amphone Keosengthong2,3, Khao Keonam2,3, Palamy Changleuxai2,3, Nalita Adsanychanh2,4, Daosavanh  Sanamxay2,5, Garance Danner2, Phongsamouth Suthammavong2,3,  Khampasong Ninnasopha2,3,Aurélie Binot2, Stephane Herder2, Fred Unger6*1Center for Agricultural Resource System Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand2ComAcross Project, EuropeAid One Health Programme in Asia, Faculty of Veterinary, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand3Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Nabong, Vientiane, Laos4Faculty of Social Science, National University of Laos, Nabong, Vientiane, Laos5Faculty of Environmental Science, National University of Laos, Nabong, Vientiane, Laos 6 International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam. *Corresponding author Email: F.Unger@cgiar.org Outline1. Introduction2. Objectives  3. Material and methods 4. Results5. Conclusions  Introduction - Why to care about Food borne diseases With 33 million DALYs FBD are of a similar burden in order of magnitude as the “big three” infectious diseases HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.Main burden caused by bacteria but parasitic FBD also important (FERG 2015)“Top Ten" list of food-borne parasites of greatest global concern1. Taenia solium: In pork7. Trichinella spiralis: In pork 8. Opisthorchiidae: In freshwater fishDisease burden data for PFBD (DALY) lacking:• Some information for O.V. in the region, but very little or no formation for trichinellosis http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/237323/icode/FERG: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/foodborne_disease/fergreport/en/Situation in Laos o Major PFBD are endemic but widely neglectedFactors contributing to the risk of zoonotic infection o Co-habitation/close proximity with livestock commono Consumption habit of unsafe products (raw or undercooked pork, raw pig’s blood or fermented pork)o Health and veterinary services are lacking; resulting in limited access & diagnostic capabilitiesSonevilay et al. 2017 (ComAcross) Holt et al. 2016: file:///C:/ILRI%20SAFE/A4NH/WB/FERG.pdfObjectives1. Assess PFBD distribution (Trichinellosis)2. Define potential risk factors linked to parasitic foodborne diseases (PFBD, including Trichinelloses)3. To develop recommendations/interventions for PFBD reduction and initiate a cross-sectoral collaboration platformMaterial and methodsPart of a larger One Health project “Laos long term case study on PFBD”Overall One Health framework • Identification of a common One Health issues (PFBD)• Systematic literature review on PFBD • PRA/PE • Survey in household with pigs*• Cross-sectoral dissemination platform *Main focus of todays presentation Material and methods: Study area for household surveySavannakhet province1. Champhone2. Xonnaboury3. Songkhone1 233 districts, involved in previous PRA/SNA and presence of native pigs  1. Serological survey in pigs Expected sample size: 405 pigs in total, across 9 villages▪ expected prevalence 9.3%, error margin: +/-5%, Intra village correlation: 0.15▪ 45 (pigs)/village▪ Each household (HH) = up to 3 pigs, 15 HH/villageExclusion of: Large scale farms, pigs < 2 months of age & pigs > 60kg, breeding stock 2. Household questionneire, checklist and likert scale• Farm management, PFBD knowledge and perception3. Trichinella antibodies were tested using the Priocheck Trichinella Ab ELISA®Material and methodsSerological Results• 418 samples from 181 households were collected in 19 villages across the 3 districts• Overall for Trichinella in pigs 17.7% (74/418)• Songkone has significant higher serological prevalence9.56%35.00%4.10%0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00%XonnabourySongkhoneChamphoneThe highest prevalence was found in pigs >1year:1. 2-6months  = 11% (35/324) (p<0.05) compared to 2 & 32. >6- 12months= 27.3% (12/44).3. >1year= 54% (27/50).0%10%20%30%40%50%60%Seroprevalence by age class11%27.3%54%>1year6- 12months2-6monthsSeropositivity and ageSeropositivity and housing  Free range: 27.9% (19/68) Pen: 16.7% (39/234)Tethered: 13.9% (16/116)Zoonotic knowledge: 14.4%, 26 of 181 people heard about zoonotic diseases, but further details were usually not known Associated diseases stated by repondents (out of 26): • Bird flu (4/26), Liver fluke/liver disease (3/26), Rabies (1/26), Denghi (1/26)Selected results from the questionnaire Use of dewormer in pigs: 6.1% (11/181 farmers)Reason for not using: Don‘t  know about is (- 72.4%)No need as pigs look healthy  (- 18.1%)Villagers perception related to deworming and raw fish/pork consumption (using Likert scale) MisperceptionPerceived correctly, (but still practice)Synthesis of results (ongoing)Animal health issues form PRAPRA: FMDZoonoses on parasitic diseases:PRA Questionnaire poor knowledgePRA QuestionnaireInterview question Likert scaleKnowledgeon PFBD- Very limited knowledge on cause and prevention- Worms are common for vilagers but not known as health issue- Very limited knowledge on cause and prevention- Only 1.5% of respondent clearly  link raw pork consumption to PFBD- Perception that eating raw pork and fish can harm humans- Perception that worms are not harmful for humansEating raw fish/pork can harm humansWorms not harmfull for humanTradit. medicine efficient for wormsImportant to deworm childrenImportant to deworm adultsAssessment InterventionsLinking research finding/results to intervention practicethrough cross-sectoral participation processSteering committee TWGIntervention activities (through cross-sectoral participation platform and practice)Overall aim: better prevention & control of PFBDOperating at various levels (central, province and local) in a strong participatory process• PH, Vets, Communication, Education, Defense, Teachers, Local authorities, Villagers  …Activities:• Jointly organized sample & diagnoses/examination of PFBD (local partners who have been trained will be engaged)• Good knowledge & practice dissemination • Media: poster, comic book, radio spot (e.g. for village speaker system), and folk song. Single event or repeated. Initiated by project and later co-follow up • Evaluation of the above prevention and control of the PFBDConclusions • Trichinellosis confirmed as a PH hazard in the study area• Significant variations by district, farm management and age of pigs • Risk for consumer to be further determined • General low knowledge on zoonoses of actors and groups• Some misperceptions observed• Intervention activities about to start through a cross-sectoral participation platform and practiceFirst results (Songkhone, n=54 households)Farm: Morning sampling: 5:30 to 9amEvening sampling: 4 to 7pmThank you very much!

Using a One Health approach to assess and reduce parasitic foodborne diseases such as trichinellosis in Southern Laos

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Using a One Health approach to assess and reduce parasitic foodborne diseases such as trichinellosis in Southern Laos

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