Kedves, Miklós

Párdutz, Árpád

Kedves Miklós

Párdutz Árpád

University of Szeged

7. TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF HUNGARIAN TERTIARY LIGNITES II. M . KEDVES, a n d A . PARDUTZ 2 I. Cell Biological and Evolutionary Micropaleontological Laboratory of the Department of Botany of the.J.A. University. H-6701. P.O. Box 993. Szeged. Hungary, 2. Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. H-6701, P.O. Box 521. Szeged. Hungary Abstract The transmission electronmicroscopical, results of three Hungarian lignite samples are presented in this contribution. Two samples of Sequoioxylon gypsaceum and one sample of S. medulläre were the subject of these investigations. Non-experimental and partially dissolved lignite fragments with diethylainine and iner-kaptoethanol were investigated with transmission electron microscope method. The new results in compari-son to the previously described ones indicate that these samples are in a very poor preservation state. Homog-enisation of the secondary wall was observed, but sometimes there are important differences in the electron density of the more or less homogeneous substance. Key words: Xylotomy, fossil, transmission electron microscopy. Tertiary, Hungary. Introduction During our previous investigations we established that the transmission electron mi-croscopical method may be useful for the fossil secondary woody remnants (KEDVES and SZEDERKÉNYI, 1 9 8 5 ) . Moreover the partial dissolution with organic solvents re-sulted in new data for the alteration of the secondary wood during the fossilization proc-esses ( K E D V E S , 1 9 9 7 , 1 9 9 8 , KEDVES and PÁRDUTZ, 1 9 9 8 ) . To continue this research program of our Laboratory in this contribution we present our new data in this respect. The aim of this contribution was the investigation of the ultrastructure alterations for the same dissolution processes for the differentially preserved lignite samples. Materials and Methods The following lignite samples were the subject of our present investigations: Sequoioxylon gypsaceum (GÓPPERT) ÜREGUSS 1 9 6 7 Sample no 3, locality: Mohács, Upper Pannonian, brickyard, lower level. LM results: KEDVES ( 1 9 9 9 ) , p. 3 9 , 4 6 , plate 4 . 1 . , figs. 1 - 6 . ( T - 9 - 7 : non-experimental material, T - 9 - 8 : dissolution with diethylamine, T - 9 - 9 : dissolu-tion with merkaptoethanol). 99 Pla te 7 .1 . 100 Sample no 10, locality: Bátaszék, Upper Pannonian, layer D-l/B. LM results: K E D V E S ( 1 9 9 9 ) , p. 4 6 , plate 4 . 2 . , figs. 1 - 3 . (T-9-10: non-experimental material, T-9-11: dissolution with diethylamine, T-9-12: dissolution with merkaptoethanol). Sample no 7, locality: Bátaszék, well no 7, depth 168.0 m., Upper Pannonian. LM re-sults: K E D V E S (1999), p. 46, plate 4.3., figs. 1-4. (T-9-13: non-experimental material, T-9-14: dissolution with diethylamine, T-9-15: dissolution with merkaptoethanol). The used experimental method was described in a previous paper ( K E D V E S 1 9 9 7 ) . Results Sample no: 3 (Plate 7.1., figs. 1 -3, plate 7.2) Sequoioxylon gypsaceum (GÓPPERT) G R E G U S S 1967 The ultrastructure of the non-experimental tracheids represents a degraded wall structure (Plate 7.1., figs. 1,2). Basbd on the electron density an outer and an inner part may be distinguished. The outer is more electron dense, the superficial part is irregular, (Plate 7.1., fig. 2), and some fragments or the outest part detached from the finely lamellar secondary wall (Plate 7.1., fig. 2). Experiment T-9-8, dissolution with diethylamine during 30 days at 30 °C (Plate 7.2). After this kind of partial dissolution the different layers of the wall fine structure of the tracheids are relatively well shown. The different layers are in all probability the following: The outest part of the secondary wall (S 3) is two layered based on the elec-tron density. The S 2 layer is also multilamellate by its electron affinity. A relatively thin S 1 layer is probable. The primary wall and the middle lamella was extremely damaged, only some fragments were observed. Experiment T-9-9 (Plate 7.1., fig. 3). A more or less tangential longitudinal section illustrates the extremely damaged and probably secondarily destroyed wall structure. The dark striae may represents the fossil resinous material. The light holes may be the traces of the medullary rays. No finely lamellar ultrastructure of the wall was observed at this kind of experiment. Plate 7.1. Sequoioxylon gypsaceum (GOPPERT) GREGUSS 1967. 1,2. Ultrastructure of the non-experimental sample (T-9-7). 1. Negative no: 6801, 10.OOOx. 2. Negative no: 6837, 25.000x. 3. Ultrastructure of the partially dissolved lignite sample with mericaptoelhanol (T-9-9). Negative no: 6809. 25.000x. Plate 7.2. Sequoioxylon gypsaceum (GOPPERT) GREGUSS 1967. Ultrastructure of the partially dissolved lignite sample with diethylamine (T-9-8). Negative no: 6839, lO.OOOx. 102 I # I1 v . I i asm • { 4 b' W » £ • • V I F % I T V ™ - v -• » « § I 1 -i f . 1 V . t; V Plate 7.3. 103 104 Sample no: 10 (Plate 7.3., figs. 1-3) Sequoioxylon gypsaceum ( G Ö P P E R T ) G R E G U S S 1967 As it was illustrated by the LM structure (KEDVES 1999, plate 4.2., figs. 1-3) this sample was extremely damaged and compressed during the fossilization processes, but in contrast to the previous sample the lignite material was not carbonified. The ultrastructure of the non-experimental material (Plate 7.3., fig. 1) illustrate the ex-tremely damaged wall structure. But within the more or less homogeneous material there are dark small particles in all probability tiny carbonified parts of the secondary wall. Experiment: T-9-11, dissolution with diethylamine during 30 days at 30 °C (Plate 7.3., fig. 2). This probably tangential longitudinal section represents the extremely al-tered secondary wall ultrastructure. The darker striae may be remnants of the resinous material within the longitudinal parenchyma, and similarly to the previous by light holes the traces of the medullary rays may be presumed. Experiment: T-9-12, dissolution with merkaptoethanol during 30 days at 30 °C (Plate 7.3., fig. 3). A longitudinal ultrathin section was investigated. The extremely degraded secondary wall structure is also well shown in this picture. But the dissolution process discovered remnants of the finely lamellar structure. There are dark carbonified particles and remnants of the resinous material within the longitudinal parenchyma in the homo-geneous or very finely lamellar secondary wall. Sample no: 7 (Plate 7.4., figs. 1-3) Sequoioxylon medulläre G R E G U S S 1967 The preservation of this lignite sample based on the LM investigations (KEDVES 1 9 9 9 , plate 4 . 3 . , figs. 1 - 4 ) is quite good. In picture 1 in the paper of K E D V E S ( 1 9 9 9 ) it is well shown that in some part of the lignite sample the tracheids are carbonified. On other part of the sample strong degradation may be observed. The TEM picture of the non-experimental lignite sample (T-9-13, Plate 7.4., fig. 1) illustrates a damaged, homogenised secondary wood fragment, with longitudinal elec-tron dense striae. These dark striae may be the remnants of the resinous material in the longitudinal parenchyma. In some part of the more or less homogeneous lignite rem-nants fine lamellar structure is also present. Plate 7.3. Sequoioxylon gypsaceum (GÖPPERT) GREGUSS 1967. 1. Ultrastructure of the non-experimental lignite sample (T-9-10). Negative no: 6817, 25.000x. 2. TEM picture of the partially dissolved lignite sample with diethylamine (T-9-11). Negative no: 6822, 2 5 . 0 0 0 X . 3. Ultrastructure of the partially dissolved lignite fragment with merkaptoethanol (T-9-12). Negative no: 6833, lO.OOOx. Plate 7.4. Sequoioxylon medulläre GREGUSS 1967. 1. Ultrastructure of the non-experimental lignite sample (T-9-13). Negative no: 6904, 25.000x. 2. Ultrastructure of the partially dissolved lignite fragment with diethylamine (T-9-14). Negative no: 6911, lO.OOOx. 3,4. Ultrastructure of the partially dissolved lignite samples with merkaptoethanol (T-9-15). 3. Negative no: 6917, lO.OOOx. 4. Negative no: 6919, lO.OOOx. 105 Experiment: T-9-14, dissolution with diethylamine during 30 days at 30 °C (Plate 7.4., fig. 2). The secondary wood of the lignite sample was extremely altered. Two kinds of preservation were observed a lighter completely homogeneous part and a dark, elec-tron dense particle embedded in this substance. Experiment: T-9-15, dissolution with merkaptoethanol during 30 days at 30 °C (Plate 7.4., figs. 3,4). The preservation of the different lignite fragments of this sample is not the same. Fig. 3 in Plate 7.4., illustrates a similar preservations of the ultrastructure as at the previous experiment. But at other part of the lamellar ultrastructure very poor pres-ervations was observed (Plate 7.4., fig. 4). Within the lamellae sometimes there are some electron dense small granular particles. Discussion and Conclusions 1. The two samples of Sequoioxylon gypsaceum are in a poor preservation in com-parison to the previously investigated and published sample (KEDVES and PÄRDUTZ, 1999, Plate 5.1., 5.2., 5.3.). The lamellar structure which was observed after the dissolu-tion with merkaptoethanol previously was not present (Plate 7.1., fig. 3) or in a very damaged preservation state (Plate 7.3., fig. 3). 2. The differences in the ultrastructure of Sequoioxylon medulläre of the previously and presently investigated samples are also very characteristics. Recently superficial alterations of the tracheids were not observed. Finally, based on the up-to-date knowledge its seems that the alterations in conse-quence of the fossilization processes the fine structure of the lignite samples may be extremely different. The homogenisation in the fine structure may be advanced, but the substance of the secondary wall may be different. Very coalified fragments may occur in the lighter homogenised substance. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Grant OTKA T/9 023208. References GREGUSS, P. (1967): Fossil gynmosperm woods in Hungary. - Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. KEDVES. M. (1997): Experimental investigations on Hungarian Tertiary lignites I. - Plant Cell Biology and Development (Szeged) 8, 56-63. KEDVES, M. (1998): LM and TEM investigations on Hungarian Neogene lignites. - The 5th European Pa-laeobotanical Conference, June 26-30 Cracow-Poland, Abstracts, 88. KEDVES, M. (1999): Wood anatomy of Hungarian Tertiary lignites. - Plant Cell Biology and Development (Szeged) 10, 39-50. KEDVES, M. and PARDUTZ, Á. (1998): Transmission electron microscopy of Hungarian Tertiary lignites I. -Plant Cell Biology and Development (Szeged) /0, 51-61. KEDVES. M. and SZEDERKÉNYI, T. (1985): Transmission electron microscopical investigation of the radio-active element content of the lake mud. - Acta Biol. Szeged. 31. 215-216. 106 

Transmission electron microscopy, of Hungarian Tertiary lignites II.

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Transmission electron microscopy, of Hungarian Tertiary lignites II.

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