Szűcs, László

English

Szűcs László

University of Szeged

ACTA BIOL. SZEGED. 4 2 . p p 151 -156 ( 1 9 9 7 ) 10TH CENTURY (AGE OF THE HUNGARIAN CONQUEST) CRANIOLOGICAL ANALOGIES O F THE 10TH-11TH CENTURY POPULATION OF THE IBRÁNY-ESBÓ HALOM CEMETERY L . Szűcs, Zs. G U B A , L . SZATHMARY and L. ALMÁSI Department of Human Biology. L. Kossuth University. H-4010 Debrecen. P.O.B 6. Hungary (Received: December 20, 1996) Abstract A search for 10th century regional craniological analogies of the 10th century population (16 males. 16 females) and the I Ith century population (23 males, 22 females) of the Ibrany-Esbo Halom cemetery demonstrated that these populations had no significant local associations in the north-eastern region of the Carpathian Basin. While analogies of the 10th century population are to be found rather in the south-eastern region, those of the I Ith century population can be identified rather in the Middle Danube region. It cannot be accidcntal that the greatest similarity can be demonstrated between the populations of these two regions in the 10th century (SZATHMARY. in press). It is noteworthy that the 10th century craniological analogies of the I lth-12th century population of llajdudorog-Temetohegy. too, are to be identified rather in the south-eastern region than in its own (north-eastern) region (SZUCS et al„ 1996). All these analogies may suggest that the genetic roots of the presumed population alteration in the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin in about A.D. 1000 may originate from the gene pool of the Great Hungarian Plain and its periphery areas, i. e. the process was not connected with ihc population history events ofTransdanubia. Key words: Pagan and early Christian epoch. Carpathian Basin, craniology Introduction Between 1985 and 1990, ESZTER ISTVANOVITS excavated an undisturbed 10th-11 th century cemetery of considerable extent (270 graves) at Ibrany (Upper Tisza region). On the basis of its clear inner chronology, this cemetery seemed to be suitable for a definitive interpretation of differences between the Pagan period population and the Early Christian period population ( ISTVANOVITS 1996a, 1996b). Preliminary craniological investigations suggested that the Pagan period (Age of the Hungarian Conquest) and Early Christian period (11th century) populations differed from each other significantly, i. e. their genetic antecedents were shared to only a small degree, even Late Avar period anatomical parallels of the Upper Tisza region being detected in a virtually negligible percentage and only within the 10th century population. Thus, a break in the continuity of population history appeared at about the beginning of the reign of ISTVAN I (AD 1000). The earlier population was followed by a population with an alien anatomical character, while the settlement history remained continuous 152 I S / t US . / S GUBA. I. S / A I H M A R Y a n d I.. At.MASI (SZATHMARY el al.. 19%). This phenomenon can most probably be regarded as a general one for the Upper Tisza region (SZATHMARY, 1996). In ihe present paper, an attempt has been made to estimate the frequency of craniological analogies of the I Oth-11th century cemetery at Ibrany-F.sbo Halom in five different regions in the central area of the Carpathian Basin. Material and method At Ibrány. the number of adult finds from the 10th century pan of the cemetery was 10 males and 16 females, and from the I Ith century part 23 males and 22 females (SZATHMARY et al.. 1997). As previously, the 10th century comparative material was composed of the finds of five geographic regions (Szi'KS et al.. 1996). The principles of this process are summarized in the works of SZAIHMÁRY (1996 and in press). This database was completed with the material of four additional sites. The 51 male and 36 female finds from Sárrétudvari-Hizóföld (OLÁH. 1990; NEPPER. 1996). the 3 male finds and I female find from the 10th century part of the 10 Szabolcs-Petőfi Street cemetery (PAP. 1980-81: KOVÁCS, 1994). the 3 male finds from the Tiszavasvári-Nagy Gyepáros cemetery (SZATHMÁRY and GUBA. 1996: NÉMET. 1996). and the new finds from Karos-Eperjesvölgy* (KUSTÁR. 1996; RÉVÉSZ, 1996) might significantly alter earlier knowledge on the 10th century population of the north-eastern region (cf. SZATHMARY, 1996). The samples used for our analysis are summarized in Table I. Ttihle I. Material examined. Samples Males Females Ibrány-Esbó llalom (10th c ) 16 16 Ibrány-Esbó llalom (1Ith c.) 23 22 Comparative material (10th c.) 1/ North-eastern region 123 75 21 South-eastern region 26 18 3/ Northern periphery 34 27 4/ Middle Danube region 25 22 5/ Transdanubia 40 37 12 dimensions were analysed on the restored skulls, with the following MARTTN nos I 5 8 9 17 20 45. 48. 51. 52. 54. and 55 (MARTIN. 1928) The missing values (a maximum of 8 for the individuals; a maximum of 30 per cent for the variables) were reconstructed on the basis of the whole sample by using D e a r ' s method (1959) Following this, the investigation was made by discriminant (dsc) analysis. Results The results are presented on the basis of the results of dsc analysis classification. Average similarities were estimated for two different variants of reclassification (Tables 2 and 3), i. e. the Ibrany samples were interpreted from two different aspects. One was the degree of similarity between them and regional samples, while the other was what percentage of individuals from regional samples could be classified into the Ibrany The dimensions of the cranial finds of the first Karos cemetery, reported by Lll'TAK (1951). with ihe exceptions of ihe MARTIN dimensions 5 and 20 were re-determined by KUSTAR. As a result, the comparative material was increased with the data on 17 males and 14 females. 1OTH CENTURY (AGE OK T H E IIUNGARIAN (CONQUEST) ('RANIOI XXilCAL ANALOGIES OF THE 15.1 Table 2. Reclassification rales (rounded data) of ihe 10th century population of Ibrany-Esbo Halom on the basis of ihe results o f d s c analysis classification (in percentage). Region From ihe analysed Inio ihe analysed Average re-sample samp e classificalion males 6 \ II \ North-eastern region b \ 10 7 females 0 ) 9 ) males 13 \ 23 \ South-eastern region h o 16 females 13 t 17 ) males 19 > 9 \ Northern periphery } i6 h 10 females 13 t 0 ) males 6 > 12 \ Middle Danube region U h s II females 6 j 18 ! males 0 \ 10 \ Transdanubia • o h 5 females 0 J 8 t Table .1. Reclassification rales (rounded data) of Ihe 1 Ith century population of Ibranv-Esbo Halom on the basis of the results o fdsc analysis classification (in percentage). Region From the analysed Into Ihe analysed Average re-sample samp e classification males 13 \ 4 North-eastern region >8 ¡•6 1 females 0 J 8 ! males 13 ^ 15 \ South-eastern region > 16 (• 13 15 females 18 ) II J males 7 II \ Northern periphery h 6 \ 11 13 females 14 ) 14 J males 9 \ 24 Middle Danube region h i h i 1 16 females 14 > 18 J males 17 \ 5 \ Transdanubia \9 8 8 females 0 l 1 samples. In fact, the average values of these reclassifications formed the basis of our opinion, that the 10th century population of Ibrany-Esbo Halom had the greatest similarity towards the craniological character of the south-eastern region (Fig. 1). At the same time, the 11th century population, with an anatomical character different from 154 L. SZOGS. ZS. GUBA. I SZATHMARY a n d L. ALMASI the previous one, is analogous primarily with the 10th century sample from the Middle Danube region (Fig. 2). Fig. I. Average results of reclassification of the 10th century population of the Ibrany-Esbo Halom cemetery A 10th-11th century population from the Upper Tisza region, with a presumed continuous settlement history, was divided from a craniological viewpoint into two parts. The population from the Pagan period and that from the Early Christian period were considered to differ significantly. The analogies of the 10th century population can be identified primarily in the south-eastern region of the Carpathian Basin, while the 10th century (Hungarian Conquest period) parallels of the 11th century population are the most explicit in the Middle Danube region. In the 10th century, these two regional groups were those between which the closest association could be demonstrated (SZATHMARY, in press). Il is noteworthy thai the 10th century analogies of the I 1 th-12th century population of Hajdudorog-Temetohegy (North-Eastern Hungary) can be identified not so much in the north-eastern region as in the south-eastern region (S/.UCS et al., 1996). The chronologically differing analogies of the 10th and 11th century populations of the lbrany cemetery may indicate that the genetic roots of the population change in the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin at around the turn of the first and second millennia (approximately from the beginning of the reign of Conclusions 10TH CENTURY ( A G E OF T H E HUNGARIAN CONQUEST) CRANIOLOGICAI. ANALOGIES OF T H E . 155 István I) can be traced back rather to the Great Hungarian Plain and its periphery areas, and that they are not connected with the population history events with quite different character in Transdanubia. Fig. 2. Average results of reclassification of the I Ith century population of the Ibrány-Esbó I lalom cemetery. DEAR, E. A. (1959): Principal component missing data method for multiple regression models. - SD Corp. Technical Report SP-86. ISTVÁNOVTIS, E. (1996a): 10-11. századi temető Ibrány Esbó halmon. - A magyar honfoglalás korának régészeti emlékei Hermann Oltó Múzeum. Miskolc, 25-46 pp ISTVÁNOVTIS, E. (1996b): Ibrány-Esbóhalom. In: FODOR, I. (ed.): A honfoglaló magyarság - Kiállítási katalógus, Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest, 145-150 pp. óth map. KOVÁCS, I.. (1994): Das friihaipadenzeitliche C.rabefeld von Szabolcs. - Varia Archeologica llungarica 6. Budapest. KUSTÁR. Á. (1996): A Karos-Eperjesszögi I -II -III számú honfoglalás kori temetők taxonómiai vizsgálata -A magyar honfoglalás korának régészeti emlékei. Hermann Ottó Múzeum, Miskolc, 313-333 pp. I.IPTÁK, P. (1951): Anthropologische Beitrage zum Problem der Altungarns. - Acta Arch. Hung. / , 231-249 MAR TIN, R. (1928): Lchrbuch der Anthropologic. - Fisher. Jena. 2 Aufl. 2. Bd NEPPER. I (1996): Sárréludvari-llizófóld. In: FODOR, I (ed ): A honfoglaló magyarság. - Kiállítási Katalógus. Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest. 257-281 pp. 13th map. OlÁH, S. (1990): Sárrétudvari-Hízó fold honfoglalás kori temetőjének történeti embertani értékelése. - Univ. Doct. Diss., JATE, Szeged, (manuscript). PAP. I. (1981): Anthropological investigation of the Arpadian Age population of Szabolcs-Petőfi utca. -Anthrop. Hung. /7 .65-107. RÉVÉSZ. L. (1996): Karos-Eperjesszög l-ll temető. In: FODOR, I (ed ): A honfoglaló magyarság. - Kiállítási Katalógus. Magyar Nemzet. Múzeum. Budapest. 82-109 pp, Ith and 2nd map. References 156 L. szűcs, zs GUBA. L SZATHMÁRY and I. ALMÁSI SZAIHMÁRY. I. (1996): Honfoglalás kori népességünk struktúrája In I'AlH, Gy el al. (cds): Honfoglaló magyarság Árpád-kori magyarság. - JATE Embertani Tanszéke. Szeged. 87-96 pp SZAIHMÁRY. I. (in press) Magyarország 10. századi népességének diverzitása. - JAMÉ. Nyíregyháza SZAIHMÁRY. 1. . GUBA. Zs and ISTVÁNOVITS. H, (1996): Az Ibrány-Esbó halmi 10-11. századi temető népessége In: ERDÉLYI. I (ed.) Panyola - településtörténeti kutatási eredmények - Károlí Gáspár Ref. Egyetem, Budapest. 73-85 pp SZAIHMÁRY. L . GUBA, ZS . Ot-ÁH and PAP, I (1997 Interpretatioii of I0lh-l Ith eentury populations in the Northern part of the region Easl of the Tisza on ihe basis of representative samples - Acta Biol. Szeged -12. 00-00. SZAIHMÁRY, 1. and GUBA, ZS. (1996) (¡szavasvári- Nagy Gyepáros honfoglalás kori (10. századi) temetőjének humán csontvázlelctc. - A magyar honfoglalás korának régészeti emlékei Hermann Ottó Múzeum, Miskolc. 22-24 pp SZŰCS. L.. SZAIHMÁRY. I... NYILAS, K and GUBA. ZS. (1996): Hajdúdorog-Temetőhegy Árpád-kori népességének becsüli honfoglalás kori (10. századi) előzményei. In: PÁLFI. GV. (ed.): Honfoglaló magyarság, Árpád-kori magyarság - JATE Embertani Tanszéke. Szeged, 137-191 pp 

10th century (Age of the Hungarian Conquest) craniological analogies of the 10th-11th century population of the Ibrány-Esbó Halom cemetery

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10th century (Age of the Hungarian Conquest) craniological analogies of the 10th-11th century population of the Ibrány-Esbó Halom cemetery

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