Horváth, G.

Oláh, Sándor

English

Horváth G.

Oláh Sándor

University of Szeged

A C T A BIOL. SZEGED. 3 9 . p p . 1 0 1 - 1 0 7 . ( 1 9 9 3 ) INCIDENCE OF CRANIAL NON-METRIC TRAITS IN THE BRONZE AGE SAMPLE OF TAPE-SZENTEGLAEGET6 HORVATH, G . a n d OLAH, S . Department of Anthropology, JozsefAttila University, H-6701 Szeged, P.O.B. 660, Hungary (Received: May 10, 1993) Abstract Occurrences of cranial non-metric traits in a bronze age sample from Tapc-SzenteglaegctS were examined by the authors. The problem of side and sex differences were also examined. In the pooled sample the most frequent traits are L.ambdoid ossicles, Postcondylar foramen patent and Mastoid foramen exsutural. The most rare arc Condylar facet double. Maxillary torus and Accessoric mental foramen. It can be concluded, that with the exception of Condylar canal divided, there are no significant side and sex differences in this sample. Key words: Bronze age. Non-metric trait. Side difference, Sex difference Introduction A large cemetery at Tape-Szenteglaegeto was excavated by O T T O TROC.MAYER (1975) from 1960-66. The anthropological description of the bone material was given by FARKAS and LLPTAK (1975). From 686 graves 579 are dated from the bronze age by the archeologist. The aim of this article is to publish data on the occurrence of non-metric traits so much the more because non-metric data from such a large bronze age cemetery in Hungary have not been published yet. Besides, the difference in the occurrence of non-metric traits between the sexes and sides also were examined. Material and methods This examination is restricted to some of the non-metric traits occurrence in cranium. The scoring technique is mainly based on the suggestions of BERRY and BERRY (1967), FlNNEGAN and FAUST (1974). Traits which were uncertain during the scoring procedure were avoided. For the investigation only 454 crania could be used. Altogether 6 traits with unilateral and 32 with bilateral occurrencc (Table 1.) were scored. In 102 G . HORVATH a n d S. OLAH ease of bilaleral trails for the calculation of frequencies, traits were sampled in the total number of sides. It is the most commonly employed method and also having the advantage of maximizrng information from fragmentary skeletons (GREEN et a!., 1979; OSSENBERG, 1981). Detailed data on frequencies are given for both sides and sexes. The differences in the frequencies between sexes and sides also were examined. In showing the side and sex differences the chi-squared statistics was used. The ^2 was considered to be significant at the 5% level. If any expected value was less than five the correction of Yates (cit.: SVAB, 1973) has been applied. Table 1. Non-metric traits scored in the sample o f T a p e No. Trails No. Traits 1 Ossicle at bregma 20 Mylohyoid bridge 2 Ossicle at lambda 21 Jugular bridge 3 Sagittal ossicle 22 Accessoric zygomatico-facial foramen 4 Incaic bone 23 Accessoric mental foramen 5 Metopic suture 24 Foramen of Huschke 6 Palatine torus 25 Medial supraorbital foramen 7 Ossicle at astcrion 26 Lateral supraorbital foramen 8 Parietal notch bone present 27 Accessoric infraorbital foramen 9 Epipteric bone 28 Spinosus foramen open 10 Coronal ossicle 29 Oval foramen open 11 Lambdoid ossicles 30 Oval foramen divided 12 Occipito-mastoid ossicle 31 Ovale-spinosum commons 13 Bipartite parietal bone 32 Parietal foramen absent 14 Bipartite zvgomatic bone 33 Postcondvlar foramen patent 15 Sutura mendosa 34 Carotic canal open 16 Squamomastoid sulure 35 Condylar canal divided 17 Mastoid foramen exsutural 36 Condylar facet double 18 Fronto-tcmporal articulation 37 Maxillary torus 19 Pterygospinosus bridge 38 Mandibular torus Discussion The trait frequencies in male and female samples are given in Tables 2-4. The chi-squared values of side and sex differences are shown in Table 5. By this method there is not any significant difference (Table 5.) between the sides neither in male nor in female samples. Sex difference (Table 5.) is found to be significant only in the case of Condylar canal divided (male predominance). The frequency data of the pooled sample (males, females and non-adults) are given in Tables 4 and 6. In the pooled sample the most frequent traits are Lambdoid ossicles (94.18%), Postcondylar foramen patent (80.00%) and Mastoid foramen exsutural (71.09%). The rarest are Condylar facet double (0.45%), Maxillary torus (0.47%) and Accessoric mental foramen (0.71%). Traits such as Bipartite parietal bone, Bipartite zygomatic bone, Pterygospinosus bridge, Jugular bridge, Carotic canal open and Mandibular torus do not occur at all. Incidence of cranial non-metric traits 103 Table 2. Incidence of non-metric traits in the male sample Trait Pooled Right side Left side Incidence Frequency (%> Incidence Frequency (%) Incidence Frequency (%) 7 5 / 7 7 6.49 3/38 7.89 2 / 3 9 5.13 8 10/ 46 21.74 3/22 13.64 7 / 2 4 29.17 9 1 /11 9.09 1 /5 20.00 0/ 6 0.00 10 13 /38 34.21 9/20 45.00 4 / 1 8 22.22 11 101/105 96.19 50/53 94.34 5 1 / 5 2 98.08 12 2 / 4 7 4.26 2/23 8.70 0 / 2 4 0.00 13 0/195 0.00 0/94 0.00 0/101 0.00 14 0/124 0.00 0/63 0.00 0 / 6 1 0.00 15 0/156 0.00 0/76 0.00 0 / 8 0 0.00 16 11/154 7.14 4/78 5.13 7/ 76 9.21 17 92/128 71.88 43/63 68.25 4 9 / 6 5 75.38 18 2 / 1 9 10.53 1 /9 11.11 1 /10 10.00 19 0 / 8 3 0.00 0/43 0.00 0/ 40 0.00 20 5/109 4.59 2/52 3.85 3/ 57 5.26 21 0 / 7 0.00 0 / 2 0.00 0 / 5 0.00 22 26/119 21.85 14/60 23.33 12/ 59 20.34 23 2/154 1.30 2/80 2.50 0 / 7 4 0.00 24 9/149 6.04 3/74 4.05 6 / 7 5 8.00 25 36/175 20.57 16/85 18.82 2 0 / 9 0 22.22 2 6 6/166 3.61 2/80 2.50 4/ 86 4.65 27 0 / 2 6 0.00 0/13 0.00 0 / 1 3 0.00 28 1 6 / 8 7 18.39 8/45 17.78 8 / 4 2 19.05 29 2 / 9 3 2.15 0/46 0.00 2 / 4 7 4.26 30 3 / 9 3 3.23 0/46 0.00 3 / 4 7 6.38 31 1 /97 1.03 1/49 2.04 0 / 4 8 0.00 32 84/148 56.76 37/72 51.39 4 7 / 7 6 61.84 33 4 3 / 5 1 84.31 22/26 84.62 2 1 / 2 5 84.00 34 0/120 0.00 0/58 0.00 0 / 6 2 0.00 35 2 8 / 9 5 29.47 16/50 32.00 12 /45 26.67 36 1 /71 1.41 1/39 2.56 0 / 3 2 0.00 37 1 /96 1.04 1/49 2.04 0 / 4 7 0.00 38 0/147 0.00 0/72 0.00 0 / 7 5 0.00 1 0 4 G . HORVÀTH a n d S . OLAH Table 3. Incidence of non-metric traits in the female sample Trait Pooled Right side Left side Incidence Frequency (%) Incidence Frequency (%> Incidence Frequency (%) 7 6 / 6 3 9.52 3/30 10.00 3 /33 9.09 8 6 / 4 6 13.04 3/21 14.29 3 /25 12.00 9 5/11 45.45 4 / 6 66.67 1/ 5 20.00 10 17/ 36 47.22 6/15 40.00 11/21 52.38 II 93/ 97 95.88 49/52 94.23 44 /45 97.78 12 1/44 2.27 0/21 0.00 1/23 4.35 13 0/174 0.00 0/87 0.00 0 / 8 7 0.00 14 0/121 0.00 0/58 0.00 0 / 6 3 0.00 15 1/133 0.75 1/67 1.49 0 / 6 6 0.00 16 15/137 10.95 9/64 14.06 6 /73 8.22 17 77/102 75.49 37/50 74.00 40 /52 76.92 18 1/ 16 6.25 0 / 8 0.00 1/ 8 12.50 19 0 / 5 6 0.00 0/27 0.00 0 / 2 9 0.00 20 9/107 8.41 4/49 8.16 5 /58 8.62 21 0/ 13 0.00 0 / 7 0.00 0/ 6 0.00 22 17/113 15.04 11/56 19.64 6/ 57 10.53 23 0/149 0.00 0/74 0.00 0 / 7 5 0.00 24 9/113 7.96 5/58 8.62 4 / 5 5 7.27 25 32/149 21.48 19/74 25.69 13/ 75 17.33 26 9/154 5.84 3/78 3.85 6 / 7 6 7.89 27 1/28 3.57 0/11 0.00 1/17 5.88 28 15/60 25.00 7/30 23.33 8/ 30 26.67 29 1/71 1.41 1/34 2.94 0 / 3 7 0.00 30 0 /71 0.00 0/34 0.00 0 / 3 7 0.00 31 0 / 7 2 0.00 0/34 0.00 0 / 3 8 0.00 32 103/158 65.19 50/79 63.29 53/ 79 67.09 33 37/ 54 68.52 16/24 66.67 21 /30 70.00 34 0 / 9 6 0.00 0/49 0.00 0 /47 0.00 35 15/109 13.76 6/51 11.76 9 / 5 8 15.52 36 0 / 9 4 0.00 0/43 0.00 0 /51 0.00 37 0 / 6 3 0.00 0/29 0.00 0/ 34 0.00 38 0/134 0.00 0/67 0.00 0 / 6 7 0.00 Table 4. Incidence of unilateral non-metric trais Trait Pooled Male Female Incidence Frequency (%> Incidence Frequency (%) Incidence Frequency (%) 1 1/225 0.44 0 /82 0.00 1/83 1.20 2 23/202 11.39 8 /77 10.39 10/75 13.33 3 7 3 / 9 8 74.49 26 /38 68.42 32/40 80.00 4 0/249 0.00 0 /93 0.00 0/86 0.00 5 18/290 6.21 8/105 7.62 5/93 5.38 6 1/95 1.05 0 /45 0.00 1/25 4.00 Incidence of cranial non-metric traits 105 Table 5. Results of the x2 statistics Trait Between sexes booth sides are pooled Between sides Pooled Male Fen lale *2 Yates * 2 Yates *2 Yates 72 Yates 1 0.99 2 0.32 3 1.37 4 -5 0.40 6 1.83 7 0.44 0.54 0.00 0.09 8 1.21 0.26 2.67 0.04 9 2.06 2.42 0.86 0.88 10 1.30 0.03 1.29 0.54 11 0.01 0.25 1.00 0.77 12 1.25 0.00 1.52 0 .43 13 - - -14 - -15 0.68 0.00 - 0.49 16 1.29 0.05 1.68 1.19 17 0.38 0.82 0.81 0.12 18 1.12 0.07 0.45 0.57 19 - - - -20 1.30 0.06 0.66 0.19 21 - - -22 1.78 3.25 0.16 1.84 23 1.28 0.00 1.21 -24 0.37 0.17 1.84 0.01 25 0.04 0.00 0.31 1.54 26 0.89 1.77 1.34 2.00 27 0.45 1.01 - 0.18 28 0.93 0.05 0.02 0.09 29 0.88 0.03 1.33 0.61 30 1.58 2.70 2.28 -31 0.26 0.41 0.49 -32 2.29 1.52 1.65 0.25 33 3.61 0.01 0.04 0.07 3 4 35 7.53* 0.02 0.32 0.32 36 0.84 0.55 0.33 -37 0.18 0.54 0.47 -38 - - - -* - significant difference at the 5% level 1 0 6 G . HORVÁTH a n d S . OLÁH Table 6. Incidence of non-metric traits in the pooled sample Trait Pooled Right side Left side Incidence Frequency (%) Incidence Frequency (%) ' Incidence Frequency (%) 7 12/167 7.19 7/ 80 8.75 5 /87 5.75 8 17/111 15.32 7 /52 13.46 10/59 16.95 9 6/ 30 20.00 5/ 14 35.71 1/ 16 6.25 10 37 /89 41.57 17/40 42.50 20 /49 40.82 11 259/275 94.18 129/138 93.48 130/137 94.89 12 3/112 2.68 2 /55 3.64 1/57 1.75 13 0/502 0.00 0/246 0.00 0/256 0.00 14 0/314 0.00 0/153 0.00 0/161 0.00 15 3/369 0.81 2/183 1.09 1/186 0.54 16 28/396 7.07 14/190 7.37 14/206 6.80 17 209/294 71.09 96/140 68.57 113/154 73.38 18 4/ 48 8.33 2 /21 9.52 2 /27 7.41 19 0/185 0.00 0/ 89 0.00 0/ 96 0.00 20 16/282 5.67 8/133 6.02 8/149 5.37 21 0 /33 0.00 0/ 15 0.00 0/ 18 0.00 22 59/297 19.87 35/145 24.14 24/152 15.79 23 3/420 0.71 2/210 0.95 1/210 0.48 24 26/374 6.95 12/187 6.42 14/187 7.49 25 88/440 20.00 43/215 20.00 45/225 20.00 26 20/444 4.50 7/220 3.18 13/224 5.80 27 3/91 3.30 1/41 2.44 2 / 5 0 4.00 28 40/188 21.28 20/91 21.98 20 /97 20.62 29 5/225 2.22 3/104 2.88 2/121 1.65 30 4/225 1.78 0/104 0.00 4/121 3.31 31 4/234 1.71 3/109 2.75 1/125 0.80 32 240/392 61.22 111/191 58.12 129/201 64.18 33 128/160 80.00 63/ 79 79.75 65/81 80.25 34 0/312 0.00 0/153 0.00 0/159 0.00 35 51/285 17.89 25/139 17.99 26/146 17.81 36 1/221 0.45 1/108 0.93 0/113 0.00 37 1/212 0.47 1/104 0.96 0/108 0.00 38 0/369 0.00 0/181 0.00 0/188 0.00 References BERRY, A.C. and BERRY, R. J. (1967): Epigcnctic variation in the human cranium. -1, of Anatomy. -101,361-379. FARKAS, Gy. and UPTÁK, P. (1975): Anthropologische Auswertung des bronzezcihchcn Gräberfelds bei Tápé. -In: TROGMAYER, O. (cd.)Das Bronzezeitliche Gräberfeld bei Tápé . Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, pp.268. FINNEGAN, M. and FAUST, M. A. (1974): Bibliography of human and nonhuman non-metric variation. Research Reports No. 14, Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, pp. 133. GREEN, R.F., SUCHEY, J.M. and GOKHALE, D.V. (1979): The statistical treatment of correlated bilateral traits in the analysis of cranial material. - Am. J. of Phys. Anthrop. 50,629-634. Incidence of cranial non-metric traits 107 OSSENBERG, N. S. (1981): An argument for the use of total side frequencies of bilateral nonmetric skeletal traits in population distance analysis: The regression on symmetry on incidence. - Am J. Phys. Anthrop. 54,471-479. SVÁB, J. (1973): Biometríai módszerek a kutatásban. Mezőgazdasági Kiadó. Budapest, pp. 517. TROCMAYER, O. (1975): Das Bronzezeitliche Gräberfeld bei Tápé. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, pp.268. 

Incidence of cranial non-metric traits in the Bronze Age sample of Tápé-Széntéglaégető

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Incidence of cranial non-metric traits in the Bronze Age sample of Tápé-Széntéglaégető

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