Horváth, Mária

Kertész, J.

Molnár, Annamária

English

Kertész J.

Molnár Annamária

Horváth Mária

University of Szeged

Acta Biologica Szeged J 8 (1—4), pp. 131—157 (1972) T H E EFFECT OF T H E S O D I U M SALT O F 2 , 4 - D I C H L O R O -P H E N O X Y A C E T I C A C I D O N T H E M I T O C I C G R O W T H O F YELLOW C O R N J . KERTÉSZ , ANNAMÁRIA MOLNÁR a n d MÁRIA HORVÁTH Genetic Group, Attila József University, Szeged (Received November 29, 1971) Introduction Dikonirt , the sodium salt of 2,4—dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, investigated by us, is a herbicide used for weeding first of all the cereals, mainly wheat, rye and autumn barley, to a lesser extent yellow corn, that exerts its effect on dicotyledons but is pernicious in a higher concentration even to monocotyledons. We have felt an impulse therefore to investigate the behaviour of yellow corn towards Dikonir t . Wuu and G R A N T (1966a) demonstrated chromosome aberra-tions induced by pesticides and herbicides at the mitosis of the barley-root tip in the second generation af ter the treatment. He treated the barley seedlings with a (herbicide) solution 500 p. p. m. Lorox and an abnormal meiosis was demontsrated in the pollen metrocytes with cytologic investigations (Wuu , G R A N T , 1966b), The post-emergent Dikonir t t reatment is of deleterious effect in a higher concentration on mitosis resp. growth of horse-beans (Vicia faba) and peas. The cause of deleterious effect is the retardation of root growth (ROJIK , H. MÉSZÁROS, LONTAI, 1969). Changes were demonstrated in the mitotic division of Allium cepa as a result of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by CROKER (1953). Materials and Methods Our experimental plant was yellow corn MV 530. The first part of the experiments consisted of field experimentation in two repetitions. The Dikonirt used for the treatment was ingested into the soil mixed with river sand simultaneously with sowing. We have applied two kinds of treatment; with 1.25 g Dikonirt,. sq. m and 21) g Dikonirt/sq. m. Beside the plots treadted there were control of similar extent. We have observed the time of shooting and growing, as well as the time of tasselling. In our laboratory experiments we have treated the crop from field experimentation precmergently with various Dikonirt solutions (0,105 p. c., 0.067 p. c, and 0.027 p. c.). The seeds were caused to germinate at 23°C, made wet with Dikonirt solution but the controls only with running tap wTater. The root tips were stained with carmineacetic acid after Camoy's fixation. The experiments were repeated three to five times. The Tables are demonstrating the results of one repetition. Results and their discussion The control sown in the field experimentation, and the 1,25 g Dikonirt sq. m — treated yellow corn, shot up three days af ter being sown. At the treatment with 20 g Dikonir t /sq. 2 the seeds became brown, damped off. In these plots, 132 J , K E R T É S Z . ANNAMÁRIA MOLNÁR A N D MÁRIA H O R V Á T H four vceks from the first sowing, we carried out a second sowing that gave a good germination, showing no impairment at all. The plants treated with lower concentration grew slower, in some leaves twisting could be observed. Tn their age with two-three leaves, they have shown some backwardness in growth as compared to the control. We have got on with investigating the crop ingatherred and divided into three groups. In one of them, the crop of control ws yellow corn, in the second one that of the yellow corn treated, while in the third one it was the crop of the yellow corn from the second growing. In all the three groups we have investigated the cell-division of the root tip of the first-generation treated seeds germinated for three days on tap-water filter-paper, as well as the mitosis after being treated with 0,103 p. c. Dikonirt (Table 1). Table 1. Development of mitosis in seeds after Dikonirt effect (first generation) and after a ret rearm ent for three days Variants Number of investi-gated Cells divid-ing Percen-tage of mitosis Number of cells matephasc Mctaphasc ín the percentage of mitosis 1. Control 9347 4090 43 180 4.40 2. Seeds germinated in tap water and treated with 1,25 g Dikonirt/sq. m 7080 3062 43.2 118 3,85 3. Seeds germinated in tap water and treated with 20 g Dikonirt 'sq. m 6330 2717 43 109 4,05 1. Control germinated in 0,105 p. c, Dikonirt solution 5770 1982 34 23 1,16 2. Seeds germinated in 0,105 p. c. Dikonirt solution and treated with 1,25 g Dikonirt sq. m. 5650 1905 33 24 1.25 3. Seeds germinated in 0,105 p. c. Dikonirt solution and treated with 20 g Dikonirt sq. m -5620 1900 33 26 1.36 * Seeds coming from re-sowing The cell-division of the root tip of the yellow corn untreated was compared to that treated with 0,027 p. c. and 0,067 p. c. Dikonirt, as they were five to six days old. The results are summed up here in Tables (Table 2). The data of Table 1 and 2 are showing unequivocally the effect of Di-konirt on the growing by mitosis, on the basis of data obtained in the third, fifth and sixth days of germination. The percentile decrease in division, as compared to the control, and under the concentrations applied, is shown well. It could be observed as a result of treatment that the cells became of smaller size, the plasma is granulous, chromosome ruptures can be seen. Investigating the pollen meiosis, the chromosome anomalies arc more frequent in case of the treated plants. THE EFFECT OF T H E SODIUM SALT OF 2 , 4 - D I C H L O R O P H E N O X Y A C E T I C ACID 1 3 3 TtMe 2. Mitosis in seedlings of five to sis days old yellow torn treated with Dikonirt of different concentration Age of plant in days Number of Percentage of mitosis the cells " investig-ated Pro-phase M eta-pba se Ana-phase Total mitosis Control 5 6026 48.86 1,17 1.12 51,70 Treated with a p. c. solution 0,067 5 67B1 24,17 0.54 0.52 25,24 Treated with a p. c. solution 0.027 5 4247 35.60 0,94 0,72 37.27 Control 6 (»142 49.39 1,53 1.28 52,11 Treated with a p. c. solution 0,067 6 6999 24,91 0,57 0.44 20,07 Treated with a p. c. solution 0.027 6 3995 25.85 1.00 0.70 27,56 Summary It is shown by our results that a treatment with preemergent Dikonirt has some effect on the growth of yellow corn by mitosis. At the field experiments and germination, the growth of the treated plants is slower, expressed well with the decrease in mitosis. References CHOKER. B. H. (1953): Effects of 2.4-dichlorophcnoxyacetÍc acid and 2,4-tricholorophcnoxyacctic acid on mitosis in Allium cepa. — Botan. Gaz. 114, 274—283. ROJTK. I.; H. M É S Z Á R O S , M . : L O N T A J . I. (1969): 2,4 Diklorfenoxi ecetsav natriums ójának ha-tása Vicia faba és Pisum sativum csiranovenyek sejtosztódására (Effect of the sodium salt of 2,4 dichlorophcnoxyacctic acid on mitosis of the seedlings Vicia faba and Pisum sativum). — Bot, Köziem, 56, 245—250. ScHoLES. M, E. (1953): The effect of hexachlorocvclohexane on mitosis in roots of the onion (Allium cepa) and Srabberry (Fragaria vesca). — I. Hort. Sci. 28, 49—68. W O U , K. D . ; G R A N T . W . R (1966a): Morphological and somatic chromosomal aberrations induced by pesticides in barley (Hotdeum vulgare). — Can. J, Genet. Cvtol. 8, 481—501. W u u , K, D.; GRANT, W. F. (1966b): Induced abnorbal meiotic hehavior in a barley plant (Hordeum vulgare L.). with the herbicide l.orox. — Fit on, 23, 63—67. Addresses of the authors: J . KERTÉSZ, A N N A M Á R I A M O L N Á R , D r . M Á R I A H O R V Á T H Genetic Group, A. J, University, 6722 Szeged. Hungary 

The effect of the sodium salt of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the mitotic growth of yellow com

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The effect of the sodium salt of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the mitotic growth of yellow com

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