Hrotkó, Károly

Stefanovits-Bányai, Éva

Szecskó, Viktória

English

Szecskó Viktória

Hrotkó Károly

Stefanovits-Bányai Éva

University of Szeged

Volume 46(3-4):211-212, 2002Acta Biologica Szegediensishttp://www.sci.u-szeged.hu/ABS1Department of Fruit Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary,2Department of Applied Chemistry, Szent IstvánUniversity, Budapest, HungaryV Szecskó1*, K Hrotkó1, É Stefanovits-Bányai2*Corresponding author. E-mail: szecskov@omega.kee.hu211Seasonal variability in phenol content, peroxidase andpolyphenoloxidase enzyme activity during the dormant season inplum rootstocksProceedings of the 7th Hungarian Congress on Plant Physiology, 2002S5-P14However the biochemical changes in the different parts of thefruit trees during the dormant season are studied by manyauthors. The starting point of dormancy the end of endo-dormancy and start of paradormancy is not cearly defined.The changes in enzyme activity seems to be an indicator ofthe end of dormancy and start of growth as descrbed by manyauthors (El-Mansy et al. 1969; Lasheen and Chaplin 1971;Kenis 1976; Bassuk et al. 1981; Marquat et al. 1999; Citadinet al. 2001). Few articles followed the changes during thewhole rest period, starting from leaf fall. Schaefer (1983) ingrapevine found the activity of peroxidase (POD) in theroots, shoots and trunk increased in autumn, maximal inDecember, and then decreased. The activity of catalaseshowed similar pattern, was greatest during the middle ofdormancy, and decreased sharply towards the end of dor-mancy (Scalabrelli et al. 1991). There is variation amongdifferent cultivars in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, andendogenous phenol content as described by Gur et al. (1988).Wang et al. (1991) found the PPO activity low in the dormantseason in buds, while the phenolic content of buds was high.After budbreak PPO activity increased and phenolics de-creased. There was an inverse relationship between theactivities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, but theirconclusion is that the phenolic substances can modify theactivities of these enzymes, as both inhibitors and stimulators(Wang 1991).Materials and MethodsThe following three plum rootstocks were studied: “INRAMarianna GF 8-1”, “INRA Sainte Julien GF 655/2”, and“Fehér Besztercei”.Samples were collected from 25th October, 2000, until 21stof February, 2001, in three weeks intervals. The enzymeactivities were measured in the buds of the shoots and in thebasal part of shoots (0-15 cm), the peroxidase enzymeactivity by the method of Srivastava (1983), the poly-phenoloxidase enzyme activity by the method of Bassuk etal (1981), and the protein content according to Bradford(1976). The results given are calculated for Unit/mg protein.Results and DisussionThe total activity of the enzymes showed a typical seasonalpattern in all the tree cultivars (Table 1). The activity in-creased until November, followed by a sharp decrease untilthe third part when the activity started to rise again.The maximal activity of POD measured in buds was on29th of November in all the cultivars, then a decrease followedwith a minimum in the end of January, and started to riseagain in February (Fig. 1). The PPO activity also had similarpattern, but the maximum was three weeks earlier, on 8thNovember. A little peak can be observed also around 18thDate of collection 25.oct. 08.nov. 29.nov. 18.dec. 10.jan. 31.jan. 21.febr.2000. 2000. 2000. 2000. 2001. 2001. 2001.FB POD bud 3,73 4,98 12,34 6,36 6,51 1,93 3,92PPO bud 6,53 34,64 25,03 15,16 12,04 11,90 18,68Phenol bud 7,75 8,21 6,97 6,98 7,30 9,89 8,57POD cutting 1,94 1,45 6,16 2,38 0,89 3,71PPO cutting 0,65 0,50 1,16 0,64 0,52 0,98Phenol cutting 2,84 5,40 6,13 4,37 4,13 7,39 6,27GF 655/2 POD bud 4,11 4,37 8,55 3,41 5,53 2,22 6,25PPO bud 17,56 28,06 11,96 19,78 15,13 11,76 48,94Phenol bud 9,71 8,42 7,27 9,12 7,86 11,70 9,29POD cutting 1,92 3,16 3,18 3,15 1,59 3,56PPO cutting 0,69 0,60 0,78 0,68 0,50 0,71Phenol cutting 2,07 5,79 3,90 4,34 3,60 4,15 4,26GF 8-1 POD bud 4,47 2,20 6,95 2,18 2,37 0,74 1,34PPO bud 10,79 29,12 7,29 12,35 4,56 2,45 22,80Phenol bud 20,43 13,51 7,96 12,97 10,09 17,56 8,44POD cutting 1,32 2,34 1,88 1,44 1,00 2,05PPO cutting 0,87 1,10 1,89 1,00 0,80 0,96Phenol cutting 2,25 5,95 3,13 2,80 3,09 6,06 4,31Table 1. Enzyme activity and phenol content of buds and cuttings of plum rootstock cultivars (Unit/mg protein).212December. The amount of phenolics in buds had a relativehigh value especially in GF 8-1 right at the beginning ofcollection, on 25th October, than decreased and was minimalon 10th January, and reached the maximum on 31th January(except GF 8-1), again followed by a decrease.The maximum PPO activity in the shoots was in 18thDecember for all the three cultivars with the same pattern asPOD (Fig. 2). The phenol content of the base of shoots washigher than in buds, and showed different seasonal variation,as in “Fehér besztercei” the two peaks were in 29th Novemberand 31st January, in case of GF 8-1 the first peak happenedin the beginning of November, and GF 655/2 had only onepeak in 8th November.Between 25th of October and 21st of February high vari-ations were found in the activities of POD and PPO with asimilar pattern in each rootstock. Our data confirm the resultsof Kenis (1976), Bassuk et al. (1981) and Citadin et al (2001)who also reported an increased POD and/or PPO activitybetween the end of endodormancy and budbreak. Theamount of phenolics changed differently.The remarkable peak of POD activity in late Novembermight be associated with dormancy, through oxidative stresscoused by the cold. This high POD activity can be the sign,when the cold temperature cause a cold-stress expressing inmore reactive oxigen species production (Purvis andShewfelt 1993), hereby forcing POD to higher activity level.The preparation of buds to endodormancy must be completedsomewhere 29th of November. After this turning point duringdormancy POD activity continuously decreases, whichmeans that the plant is in a state where cold temperatures donot cause cold stress, and increased ROS formation. A verysharp change happens then in the third period in PODenzyme activity, when supposedly the dormancy have beenreleased, again capable to cold-stress, the buds are active, andthe plant is prepared to grow.The changes in activity of the two enzymes can be anindicator when important endogenous changes occur, and thesharp rise in February can determine the end of endo-dormancy.ReferencesBassuk NL, Howard BH (1981) A positive correlation between endogenousroot-inducing cofactor acivity in vacuum-extracted sap and seasonalchanges in rooting of M26 winter apple cuttings. J HorticulturalScience 4:301-312.Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation ofmicrogram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dyebinding. Anal Biochem 72:248-257.Citadin I, Raseira MCB, Augustin F, Herter F, Campos AD, Silveira CAP(2001) Relation of peroxidase, 6-Phosphoglucinolate dehydrogenase,and phosphoglucoisomerase with endodormancy phase in peach.Abstract, 5th international Peach Symposium, July 8-11, 2001. Davis,California.El-Mansy HI, Walker DR (1969) Seasonal fluctuations of amino acids,organic acids, and simple sugars in “Elberta” peach and “Chinese”apricot flower buds during and after rest. J American Society forHorticultural Science 94:184-192.Gur A, Gad AE, Haas E (1988) Rooting of apple rootstock clones as relatedto phenols and their oxdation. Acta Hort 227:160-166.Kenis JD (1976) Some biochemical aspects of dormancy and its break inpeach flower buds. I. Changes in RNase and protease activities, theactivity and composition of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase andmodification of the concentration of RNA, soluble proteins and totalnitrogen. Phyton, Argentina 2:133-142.Lasheen AM, Chaplin CE (1971) Biochemical comparison of seasonalvariations in three peach cultivars differing in cold hardiness. JAmerican Society for Horticultural Science 2:154-159.Marquat C, Vandamme M, Gendraud M, Pétel G (1999) Dormancy invegetative buds of peach: relation between carbohydrate absorptionpotentials and carbohydrate concenrtation in the bud during dormancyand it release. Scientia Horticulturae 79:151-162.Purvis AC, Shewfelt RL (1993) Does the alternative pathway amelioratechilling injury in sensitive plant tissues? Physiologia Plantarum 88.712-718.Scalabrelli G, Viti R, Cinelli F (1991) Changes in catalase activity anddormancy of apricot buds in response to chilling. Acta Horticulturae293:267-274.Schaefer H (1983) Seasonal changes and probable importance ofperoxidase activity in woody parts of Vitis. Vitis 1:1-8.Srivastava SK, Vashi DJ, Naik BI (1983) Control of senecsence bypolyamines and guanidines in young and mature barley leaves.Phytochemistry 10:2151-2154.Wang SH, Jiao HJ, Faust M (1991) Changes in the activity of catalase,peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in apple buds during bud breakinduced by thidiazuron. J Plant Growth Regul 10:33-39.Figure 1. PPO, POD enzyme activity and phenol content of the budsof “Fehér besztercei”.Figure 2. PPO, POD enzyme activity and phenol content of the shootsof “Fehér besztercei”.10,25 11,08 11,29 12,18 01,1001,31 02.21PPO budPhenol budPOD budPPO, PPD(U/mg protein)Phenol(mmol gallic acid/100 g sample)Date of collection10,25 11,08 11,29 12,18 01,1001,31 02.21PPO, PPD(U/mg protein)Phenol(mmol gallic acid/100 g sample)Date of collectionPPO shootPhenol shootPOD shoot

Seasonal variability in phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzyme activity during the dormant season in plum rootstocks

http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/22564/1/szecs.pdf

Seasonal variability in phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzyme activity during the dormant season in plum rootstocks

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Szeged