Horváthné Mészáros, Mária

Kemenesné Fügedi, Klára

Kiss, Judit

English

Kiss Judit

Kemenesné Fügedi Klára

Horváthné Mészáros Mária

University of Szeged

Tiscia (Szeged) Vol. XVIII, pp. 9—12 (1983) EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER POLLUTED WITH DIFFERENT CHEMICALS ON CULTIVATED PLANTS II. EFFECT OF MOTOR-OIL AND SODIUM-SALT OF 2,4-D J U D I T K I S S , K L Á R A К . F Ü G E D I a n d M Á R I A H . M É S Z Á R O S University Attila József (Received September 20, 1981) Abstract In our experiments monocotyledons and dicotyledons were treated preemergently with motor-oil and sodium-salt of dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid among laboratory circumstances. Present paper is the continuation of earlier papers (HORVÁTH and TAN VAN LE 1 9 6 7 , HORVÁTH and KERESZTES 1 9 7 7 , HORVÁTH and BALOGH 1 9 7 9 ) performed with herbicide containing Dikonirt containing 2,4-D; pursuing the same hormonal agent's study influenced by a specially effective external factor, the motor-oil. Introduction Irrigation is spreading in our big horticultural and agricultural farms. Mechani-cal weed-killing has gone into liquidation in large-scale farming almost totally — most-ly because of the lack of labour-force — and the same tendency is characteristic for horticulture. During cultivation water-consumption is changing, in summer and spring this branch of agriculture requires water in greater quantity as well. In summer irrigation period motor-oil contamination of 10 mg/1 often was measured on the lower reach of river Tisza during the recent years. The river's sys-tem of canalisation irrigates cultures of pea, vegetables, sugar-beet, onion, flax rice and maize where weed-killing is performed with herbicides. Motor-oil floating on the water surface changes its healthy oxygensupply and supports anaerob processes. This effect can be increased by the herbicids' washing out of the soil, which can cause the occurence of a modern problem, as a small quantity of hormon-type herbicides may have an enormous effect. Materials and Methods In preliminary experiments more species were included, of which were chosen MFB barley hybrid, asparagus pumpkin without trailer and delicate clustered cucumber of Kecskemét with the most characteristic changes. Seeds were germinated in thermostat at 23°C in dark. When controling, humidily of filter-paper was provided by tap-water, that of treated samples with 2,4-D sodiumsalt in 1, 2, 4 mg/1 concentration + motor oil 2 ml/1. Systems of evaluation coincide with those of the previous paper. Experiments were repeated 3—5 times. 9 Results and discussion Treatment didn't block the germination of barley seedling, their development could be interrupted by the joint eifect of motor-oil concentration of 10 ml/1 and agent 2,4-D of 2 mg/1. In this case the growth of root was blocked alçiost completely, the length of shoot decreased by half. The germination of asparagus pumpkin was completely blocked by the above-mentioned treatment. Decreasing the agents' quantity by half, t.e. treating with motor-oil of 5 ml/1 and 2,4-D of 1 ml/1 the asparagus pumpkin germinated too. The length of shoot was 1.6 mm that of the root was 0.8 mm in the case of seven-day-old plant. By this time the shoot and root length of control seedlings has exceeded 4 m.m Cucumber was the most sensitively reactive plant to the effect of motor-oil and herbicide. Development of delicate clustered cucumber of Kecskemét was interrupted completely by preemergent dosing of 2 ml/1 oil and 1 mg/12,4-D; soon after the seeds' germination seedlings died. Parameters of test-plants diverging sensibility are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Effect of motor-oil and sodium-salt 2,4-D on seedlings treated preemergently Test-plants Treatment Length of shoot root inmm Peroxidase activity E U / g fresh weight Barley 6-day-old 10 ml/1 o i l+ 2 mg/1 2,4-D 57.3 4.7 58.9 control 115.5 135.7 55.6 Asparagus pumpkin 7-day-old 5 ml/1 oil + 1 mg/1 2,4-D 1.6 0.8 43.2 control 4.1 4.4 22.4 Cucumber 3-day-old 2 ml/1 o i l + 1 mg/1 2,4-D 6.3 14.2 33.00 control 33.7 59.2 28.2 The second part of our experiments aimed the detailed plant-physiological examination of the cucumber seedlings. We measured the ascorbic-acid content and total fenol quantity of the control and treated plants. As a result of treatment a sudden rise of total fenol quantity was expected, but deviation couldn't have been measured by the change of fenol quantity at the pree-mergently treated three-day-old cucumber, though the soluble protein content increas-ed significantly. Table 2. Examination of preemergent ly-treated cucumber seedlings Treatment P O activity EU/g fresh weight A A yls fresh weight Total fenol content yls fresh weight Total soluble protein mg/g fresh weight 2 ml/1 o i l+ 2 mg/1 2,4-D control 32.6 28.2 158.00 150.00 181.00 180.00 206.00 150.00 10 Barley, asparagus pumpkin and cucumber test-plants were treated preemergently in our experiments with 2,4-D sodium-salt and motor-oil. Treatment has been estab-lished to influence the process of germination diversely in the case of monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Oil effected the necessary for germination water-absorption processes, while herbicides 2,4-D effecting as hormones — cause changes in the plant-physiological processes of germination. The increased ascòrbic-acid quantity and the increasing peroxidase activity mark the increasing oxidative dissimilation (decomposing meta-bolism). This was most strikingly expressed in the case of asparagus pumpkin. In the case of cucumber the change of total fenol-content is not suitable for the early signal-ing of damage. In the badly-damaged plants the quantity of ascorbic-acid has suddenly increa-sed. In the case of three-day-old cucumber seedling this effect couldn't be noticed at this early stage of development but the change was detectable in the case of seven-day-old asparagus pumpkin seedlings (SZÉLL 1 9 8 0 ) . Morphological and structural changes of the Gramineae families' germinating seeds are very similar. The embryo's fresh weight increases by 1 2 0 % 2 0 — 3 0 minutes after the water-assimilation. (MARCUS 1 9 6 6 ) . This explains the oil's radical damaging effect on the first stage of germination. The different 2,4-D sensibility of dicotyledons is connected with the role of cotyledon and with the late appearence if foliage-leaf, while that of monocotyledons is connected with the effect on the mobilisation of seed's reserves. References HORVÁTH, M . M . and TRAN VAN L E (1976): Acta Biol. Szeged, 22, 79—81. HORVÁTH, M . M . and KERESZTES, T . (1977): Acta Biol. Szeged, 23, 73—81. HORVÁTH, M . M . and BALOGH, I . ( 1 9 7 9 ) : Summary of a lecture delivered al the Xth Tisza-Research Conference. — Szeged, 20—21 April. LOWELL, P . a n d MOORE, K . (1971) : J . of E x p . B o t . 22, 154—162. MARCUS, Α . , FEELY, I . and VOLCANI, T . (1966): Plant Physiol. 41, 1167. SZÉLL, J. (1980): Ph. D . thesis, Szeged. Különböző anyagokkal terhelt öntözővíz hatása termesztett növényekre Π. Motorolja és 2,4-D nátrium sójának hatása Kiss JUDIT, K. F Ü G E D I K L Á R A és H . MÉSZÁROS MÁRIA József Attila Tudományegyetem, Szeged, Magyarország Kivonat Kísérleteinkben preemergens kezelésben a 2,4-D nátriumsóját és a motorolajat együttesen alkalmaztuk á rpa , spárgatök és uborka tesztnövények felhasználásával. Megállapítottuk, hogy a kezelés a csírázás folyamatát eltérő módon befolyásolta az egyszikű és kétszikű növényeknél. Az olaj a csírázás folyamatához nélkülözhetetlen vízfelvételi folyamatokon keresztül fejti ki hatását , míg a 2,4-D alapú herbicid, mint hormonhatású anyag a csírázás növényélettani folya-mataiban okoz változásokat. A megnövekedett aszkorbinsav mennyiség és a fokozódó peroxidáz aktivitás az oxidatív leboontó anyagcsere térnyerését jelzi. Ez a spárgatöknél volt a legkifejezettebb. Uborkánál a ká-rosodás korai jelzésére az összfenol tar talom változása nem alkalmas. Az erősen károsodó növé-11 \ nyekben az aszkorbinsav mennyisége hirtelen gyarapodást mutat . A három napos csíranövénynél, így az uborkánál még ez a hatás a korai időszakban nem jelentkezett, de a 7 napos spárgatök csíra-növényeknél már megállapítható volt a változás (SZÉLL 1 9 8 0 ) . A Gramoneae családban a csírázó magvak morfológiai és szerkezetben változásai igen hasonlóak. Az embrió friss súlya 120%-kal nő a vízfelvételt követő 20—30 perc elteltével (MAR-CUS 1966). így érthető, hogy az olaj károsító hatása már a csírázás első lépésébe nagyon radikáli-san avatkozhat be. Uticaj navodnjavanja na gajene kulture razlicitim materijama opterecenom vodom II. Uticaj motornog ulja i 2,4-D natrijumovih soli Kiss J U D I T , K . FÜGEDI KLÁRA I H . MÉSZÁROS M Á R I A JATE, Szeged, Hungaria Abstrakt U nasim eksperimentima.sa preemergentnom primenom zajedno smo tretirali 2,4-D natri-jumovu so i motorno ulje na jecam, bundevu i krastavac. Utvrdjeno je da ovo tretiranje razlicito utice na procès klijanja monokotila i dikotila. Ulje svoje dejstvo ispoljava preko prijema vode, neophodnog procesa za klijanje, dok her-bicid na bazi 2,4-D, usled svog hormonalnog dejstva izaziva promene u fiziologiji kli janja. Povecana kolicina askorbinske kiselina i tendencija povecavanja peroksidazne aktivnosti ukazuje na razlagajuce oksidativne procese u razmeni materija. Ovo je najizrazitije kod bundeve. Za rano utvrdjivanje oStecenja u slucaju kras.tavca promena ukupne kolicine fenola nihe pogodna . U biljaka sa jakim oStecenjima kolicina askorbinske kiseline pokazuje naglo povecavanje. U trod-nevnih klijanaca bundeve vec su se ukazale promene (SZÉLL 1980). Morfoloäke i' strukturalne promene u naklijalim semenkama Gramineae su veoma slicne. S veza tez inaembr ionase u roku od 20—30 minuta povecava za 120% nakon uzimanja vode (MAR-CUS 1966). Sasvim je ocigledno da se gtetno dejstvo ulja radikalno pojavljuje vec u prvim t renu-cima kl i janja. . ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОЛИВНЫХ ВОД, НАГРУЖЕННЫХ РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ ВЕЩЕСТВАМИ, НА ВЫРАЩИВАЕМЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ I. ВЛИЯНИЕ ХЛОР-БРОМУРОНА И ИХ СМЕСИ КАК СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ УНИЧТОЖЕНИЯ СОРНЯКОВ ЗЛАКОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР Ю . С е л л , К. Б а л о г , И. и М. Г о р в а т ( Университет им. Йожефа Аттилы, Сегед, В Н Р Резюме Н а м и исследовано влияние-3-(13-хлор-4 бромфенил)-1-метокси-1-метилуреа: сокращенно хлор-бромурон, на хлебные культуры. При постемергентных исследованиях, определилось фототоксическое влияние гербицида уреа на различные хлебные культуры. Результаты опытов проведеных свободно на полях в опытных горшках, обратили внимание на различную чувстви-тельность проростаюших семян к химикатам. Те же результаты получили также Вессел (WASEL) и Вандер Веен ( V A N DER W E E M ) ( 1 9 5 6 ) когда указали на то, что листья при использовании химического соединения уреа гораздо быстрее теряют углекислый газ. Внутри фотосистемы разложение веществ может защитить флавинтононуклеитид. На основании высшесказанных вазимодействий внутри растений можно провести опыт для установления меры детоксикации ( Ш в е е л с е р , SWEELSER 1 9 6 3 ) . В этом на-правлении ми Прешили продолжать эксперименты, а также свободнопочвенные эксперименты зная время распада гербицидов с точки зрения сельського хозяйства и окружающей среды, 12 

Effect of irrigation water polluted with different chemicals on cultivated plants : II. effect of motor-oil and sodium-salt of 2,4-D

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Effect of irrigation water polluted with different chemicals on cultivated plants : II. effect of motor-oil and sodium-salt of 2,4-D

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