Horváthné Mészáros, Mária

Kemenesné Fügedi, Klára

English

Horváthné Mészáros Mária

Kemenesné Fügedi Klára

University of Szeged

Tiscia (Szeged) Vol. XIV, pp. 19—23 (1979) WATER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE TRIPLE-KÖRÖS MÁRIA M . HORVÁTH a n d KLÁRA F . KEMENES Attila József University, Szeged Water Administration of the Lower Tisza Region, Szeged (Received 20 September 1978) Abstract We have investigated into the quality of water from samples taken at Magyartés and Kun-szentmárton. It could be established that the water of the Triple-Körös at the sampling site in the neighbourhood of Magyartés is of first class from any points of view of utilization. The water samples taken at Kunszentmárton, however, showed that the water quality was influenced by the inflowing sewage-water. It is nonetheless obvious on the basis of the seven years long investigation that the Triple-Körös is our clearest river water, its pollution is of very small degree. * From the Bihar mountain dividing the Great Hungarian Plain from the Transyl-vanian Basin, four rivers begin flowing to the West: the fan-like converging Berettyó, the Rapid-, Black- and White Köröses. The water of the Köröses gets to the Tisza united in the Triple-Körös. This is the largest water system of the Middle Tisza region and one of the most interesting water systems of the Carpathian basin. ' The watershed area of the Köröses may be considered as a square. It is limited by the lines drawn in the West in the direction of Tiszalök-Kunhegyes-Csongrád; in the North in that of Tiszalök- the Rumanian Nagykároly-Tasnád; in the East Tasnád-Rudabánya; in the South Világos-Orosháza-Csongrád. The length of the river White-Körös is 236 km, of which 9 km flow on the territory of our country. In its mountain stretch it is nourished by several brooks. The Black-Körös is 168 km long, of which 4 km are at the frontier, 16 km flow on the territory of our country, taking in many right-side and left-side affluents, thus among others the Hortobágy, as well. The length of the Rapid-Körös is 209 km, of which 59 are on Hungarian territory. The Rapid-Körös takes in the Berettyó in the South of Szeghalom and'then unites with the Double-Körös below Körösladány. One has also to reckon here, apart from the rivers, with the inland channels, as well. The whole watershed area is about 22,715 square km. From this area 9,351 sq.km belung under the supervision of the Water Administration of the Lower Tisza Region. The largest water output of this part is 1,585 cubic m/sec, and the smallest one is 2 cubic m/sec. The water system is taken in by the Tisza at river-km 242.3. The water examinations were performed out of samples taken at two sites. One of our sampling sites was in the Triple-Körös at Kunszentmárton, at river-km 19.8, the other one at Magyartés, at river-km 2.0. The sampling site at Magyartés is No.l and that at Kunszentmárton is No. 2. In Fig. 1, the sappling sites are shown. 19 Similarly to the examination of the water of the Tisza (FUGEDI 1978), in the earlier years, we have taken water samples in several places (bridge at Gyoma, Bekes-szentandras). The use of several sampling sites was not justified on the basis of analyses. Further on, therefore, the water samples were only taken at two sites (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Sampling sites in the Triple-Koros. A survey and discussion of the results of investigations The water of the Triple-Koros was systematically investigated on the basis of samples taken from the two sampling sites between 1970 and 1977. The evaluation of water according to use was carried out on the basis of the COMECON standard (FUGEDI 1978). Evaluation of the water of the Triple-Koros according to utilization Communal water supply Industrial water supply Agricultural water supply (a) Irrigation (b) Fish husbandry Sampling site 1 Sampling site 2 Magyartes Kuszentmarton I II I I I I I II 2 0 In the following, the data of sampling site 1 (Magyartés), the formation of the indices investigated are shown in Fig. 2 and the data of sampling site 2 (Kunszent-márton). / Figure are showing the oxygen household in the water of the TripIe-Körös. The solute oxygen content developed similarly to that in the Tisza water, under like conditions (K. FÜGEDI, H . MÉSZÁROS 1978) . A considerable difference could, anyway, be observed above the river barrage at Békésszentandrás when the saturation value Floating-matter 300 content too 2 NH4 1 Solute oxygen 15 mg/ l 10 5 10 Oxygen consumption KMn04 5-mg/l water output 400 300 cubic m/sec 200 100-r •L r ^ P v u - JL U r J fL-avj fcè-J • tnf t f^ j U w y yjU J fix № № JH Ve fjdjlf 1 H r h h 10 MOj mg/ l 150 S a t u r a t i o n P - c . 40 O x y g e n 30 c o n s u m p t i o n 20 K 2 C r 2 0 7 10 mg / l 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1975 1977 Fig. 2. Investigation data of sampling site 1 (Magyartés). reached even 189 percent. This high value may have been brought about by the biolog-ical overproduction. The river reaches are here of standing water character. It is shown by the data both of the sampling place at Magyartes and that of Kunszent-marton that there is still enough solute oxygen in the river. We could observe at our sampling place 2 (Kunszentmarton) that the samples taken from the streamline of the river differred from those taken from places close to the riverside. In the parts close to the riverside the sewage-water of the large village inflows — and by this the quantity of the solute oxygen was reduced, and the pollution became larger, as well. 1 For establishing water pollution, it is most wide-spread to measure oxygen con-sumption with potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate (FUGEDI 1978 ) . If there are only easily oxidizable matters in water, then the oxygen-consumption values of the two kinds of measuring agree with each other. At the presence of difficultly oxidizable matters, however, the value of the potassium dichromatic oxygen consumption is higher. The value of oxygen consumption measured with potassium permanganate did not exceed, at any sampling site, the value 10 mg/l. The lowest value measured was 2.8 mg/l. 2 1 The organic-matter pollution of the Triple-Körös has not increased in proportion as it was observed in case of the Tisza (K. FÜGEDI, H. MÉSZÁROS 1978). The quantity of organic matter increases very slowly, the water quality is, therefore, first class. This river water is, according to kation water type, Ca-Mg, rarely Ca, but there occurs type Ca-Na, as well. From among anions, HC3 is dominant but there occurs C0 3 , too. The halobity of water means the totality of inorganic compounds that are important from biological point of view. Halobity is determined by the geochemical properties of the river bed and the watershed area. The living beings can hardly make any change in this well-determining factor. They generally accomodate themselves to the salts in different concentrations (FELFÖLDY 1974). The salt content of the Triple-Körös is lower than that of the Tisza, its value being about 250 mg/1. In the course of our investigations there were measured 400 mg/1 maximum and 140 mg/1 minimum salt quantities. Floating matter is in this water: very fin sand and silt. The amount of the latter is, however, not considerable. The annual deposit transport of the Köröses is also small. There gets, therefore, into the Triple-Körös, too, a minimum deposit. The Triple-Körös flows, in general, at an identical level. This has also in a certain sense influence on that the sediment transport is very low. In the upper reaches of the Köröses — where there are great level-differences in their flowing — the alluvial deposit is fine grained and in the lower reaches there is no rolled grain at all to be found. Compared with other water courses of similar size, the deposit transfer of the Köröses is thé smallest. The water output and floating-matter content show a close connection. Outstanding values can be seen for 2 to 3 days after floods. Investigating into the nitrogen household in Figures, we can establish that the ion content of ammonia does not depend upon the water-level. Instead of the out-standing values measured in the large river systems on certain occassions, here we generally measured lower values (1.4-0.5 mg/1). The increase in the use of artificial fertilizers is connected with the development of agriculture both in this country and abroad. The utilization of artificial fertilizers increases in the watershed area of the Tisza-Körös-Maros, as well. The most important fertilizers are nitrate and phos-phorus. — In the water samples, the nitrate content shows a little rise. There are some outstanding data — with the presence of a major quantity of nitrate — when a frozen ground was strewn with the artificial fertilizer which got into the river by erosion. The phosphorus loading of the water of the Triple-Körös was only investigated for two years. This is, at any rate, a short time to draw essential conclusions and give generelizations. Nevertheless, it may be established that the nitrate content of water was augmented by the increasing use of fertilizers. This however is not dangerous, as yet, either for the use of water or from ecological point of view. Of late years, we have met newer water-polluting materials : mineral oil and its derivatives. The damaging effect of these is in that they spread in a thin layer on the surface of water and prevent oxygen uptake. The thickness of such an oil layer is one or more microns. — Oil is particularly dangerous to fishes because it covers gills and impedes breathing. If oil is absorved in the alimentary canal of fishes, this deteriorates the taste of flesh. Apart from this, oil damages the riverside, too, impedes recreation and water sports. The water of the Köröses is not polluted so much with oil, as yet, as the Danube and the Tisza. But we are reminded by the values of the analysis of that, if only in a small degree, oil pollution is continuous. 2 2 References FELFÖLDI, L. (1974): A biológiai vízminősítés (The biological water-qualification). — VIZDOK 3. K. FÜGEDI, KLÁRA (1978): A természetes és mesterségesen kialakított környezet a Kurca folyó szakaszán Szentes város térségében (The natural and artificially formed environment in the reaches of the river Kurca in the area of the town Szentes). — Doctoral thesis. Szeged, pp. 90. K . FÜGEDI, K L Á R A — H . MÉSZÁROS, MÁRIA ( 1 9 7 8 ) : I n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o t h e w a t e r q u a l i t y o f t h e T i s z a from Csongrád till Tiszasziget. — Tiscia (Szeged) (In print). Vízvizsgálatok a Hármas-Körösön H . MÉSZÁROS MÁRIA é s K . FÜGEDI KLÁRA József Attila Tudományegyetem Biofizikai Tanszék, ökológiai Laboratórium Alsótiszavidéki Vizügyi Igazgatóság Laboratóriuma, Szeged Kivonat A Hármas-Körös vizének minőségét vizsgáltuk Magyartés és Kunszentmárton mellett vett mintákból. Megállapíthattuk azt, hogy a Hármas-Körös vize Magyartés. mintavételi helyen minden hasznosítási szempontból első osztályú. Kunszentmártonnál vett vízminták azt mutatták, hogy a beömlő szennyvíz befolyásolta a víz minőségét. A hétéves vizsgálat alapján látható, hogy a Hármas-Körös a legtisztább folyóvizünk, szennyeződése igen kismértékű. Istrazivanja na rekama Hármas-Körös H . MÉSZÁROS MÁRIA i K . FÜGEDI KLÁRA EkoloSka laboratorija Katedre za biofiziku Univerziteta JATE; Laboratorija uprave za vodoprivredu zupanije Csongrád, Szeged Abstract Istrazivanja kvaliteta voda na rekama Hármas-Körös vrsena su iz próba uzetih pored Magyartés i Kunszentmárton. Utvrdjeno je da je voda Hármas-Körös kod Magyartés po kvalitetu prvorazredna i pogodna za svaku upotrebu. Probe sa podruőja Kunszentmárton pokazale su da otpadne vode utiőu na kvalitet vode. Na osnovu sedmogodisnjeg ispitivanja vidljivo je da je Hármas-Körös naj-őistija tekuca voda NR Madjarske, njeno zagadjivanje je neznatno. Анализ воды реки Хармаш-Кёрёш М. М е с а р о ш — К . Ф ю г е д и Университет им. А. Иожефа, кафедра биофизики, генетическая лаборатория; Водное Управление нижнего побережья Тисы, Сегед Нами был проведен анализ качества воды реки Хармаш-Кёрёш по пробам, взятым в ра-йоне Мадяртыш и Кунсентмартон. Установлено, что вода реки Хармаш-Кёрёш в районе взятия пробы у Мадяртыш является первоклассной со всех точек зрения использования. Пробы воды, взятые у Кунсентмартона, показывают, что притекающая сюда грязная вода оказывает влияние на качество воды. Как показывают результаты проведенных нами в течение семи лет анализов, Хармаш-Кёрёш является самой чистой рекой Венгрии, загрязнённость воды здесь очень незначительна. 2 3 

Water investigations of the Triple-Körös

http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/9814/1/tiscia_014_019-023.pdf

Water investigations of the Triple-Körös

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Szeged