Gallé, László

English

Gallé László

University of Szeged

LICHENS OF THE ARBORETUM AT TISZAKÜRT AND HER SURROUNDINGS L. GALLÉ Grammar school of the Attila József University, Szeged (Received December 28, 1966) The elaboration of the lichen flora and lichen coenoses of Tiszakürt and her surroundings tokk place in the course of the systematic Tisza examination in the summer of 1966. The examined area can be divided into two parts, viz. the grove-woods of the inundation area and the near-by constructive works to control the floods, resp. the arboretum. Lichens of the mixed willow wood in the inundation area The left bank of the Tisza, facing south-east, is bordered at the-height of Tiszakürt, as well, by the association Populion albae: Populeto-Salicetum. Their dominant tress are: Salix alba, S. fragilis, Populus alba, P. canadensis, P. nigra, P. trémula here and there with some specimens of Quercus robur and Fraximus pennsylvanica. On the trunes of these trees a synusium of Xanthoria parietina, Physcia orbicularis, Ph. grisea, Lecanora carpinea, Lecidea elaeochroma and L. glomerulosa appears in fragments. The members of synusium take the parts of tree-truncs above the inundation level and the thicker lower branches. The lichen thalli are little developed, are not closed to form a homogeneous cover of trunes, their apothecia are poorly developed and often even missing, thus a number of thalli are sterile. On the trunes zoogenous and anthropo-genous effects can be observed. Beside the wood a roadway is leading, in its part near the dam there is frequent grazing, the animals again and again rub against the tree trunes preventing thus the formation of a more luxuriant lichen cover on them. Lichens of the anti-inundation cement buildings On the concrete surface of the water sluices, on surfaces both of horizontal and vertical positions, the characteristic lichen coenoses are the calciphilous Caloplacetum murorum and Lecanoretum albomarginatae, some of whose members appear even on the cement and brick surfaces, of the small bridges of the arboretum. T I S C I A (SZEGED) 3. 1967. 22 Both lichen associations are mostly xerophytic, consisting of mainly crustaceous species of high thermotoleration. Their thalli are small as well as their apothecia. The typical tonality of the association Calopla-cetum murorum is yellowish while the Lecanoretum albomarginatae is rather greyish. On the horizontal concrete cover-plate of a covered sluice basin a particularly well-developed lichen association Lecanoretum albomar-ginatae could be observed. On 20 test surfaces of the cover-plate, each 400 sq. cm, sampings have been taken. Their summary result is contained in the Table below: Lecanoretum albomarginatae ( K a i s e r ) G a l l é C h a r a c t e r s p e c i e s D C/20 PI Lecanora (Squam.) albomarginata -| 2 V PI — — muralis -j 2 III PI Lecanora albescens -j-—1 III A l l i a n c e c h a r a c t e r s p e c i e s PI Caloplaca (Gasp.) decipiens -| 1 III PI — — murorum -j—1 I PI — — teicholyta -j 1 I O r d e r c h a r a c t e r s p e c i e s Ex Lecanora crenulata -| 1 IV End Staurothele catalepta -j 1 IV Ex Lecanora dispersa -f- III Ex Verrucaria nigrescens -\ 1 II Ex Caloplaca pyracea -j 1 I C l a s s c h a r a c t e r s p e c i e s Ex Candelariella aurella -j 1 IV Ex —= — vitellina -j 3 V Pa Physcia vainioi -j 2 II A t t e n d i n g s p e c i e s Pa Physcia orbicularis, Pa Ph. sciastra, An Ph. ascendens, An Ph. tenella, Pa Xanthoria parietina, Pa Xanthoria lobulata, Ex Can-delariella xanthostigma, Ex Candel. athallina, Ex Lecania erysibe. Lichens and mosses from the arboretum A list of 53 species of Gymriospermatophyta and 288 species of Angiospermatophyta has been compiled by Ing. J. P a p p (1965: 48— 54), together with data concerning the trunc size of the older tress of hearly a hundred years of age. In his description he analysis the import-ance of the arboretum, planted sucessfully in a lowland environment, emphasizes ist good conditions, the principles of its augmentation, and 23 notices: „Bei Durchsicht der Liste wird es ersichtlich, dass hier die Ver-treter der entlegensten Gebiete von Korea bis Kanada, von dem Hima-laja-Gebirge bis Mexico in diesem Arboretum aufzufinden sind." The tree truncs are, owing to the climatic factors of the country," of xerophilous and mezophilous character (F e 1 f o 1 d y, 1941). The former ones are almost without any lichen-moss cover, wearing at most single, mainly crustaceous lichen species, not associated is coenoses (Lecanora carpinea, L. pallida, Lecidea olivacea, L. glomerulosa, Buellia punctata). The basic part of mesophilous truncs enjoys some shelter by grass from running dry, being, therefore, less hygrophilous. Accordingly, that of truncs is settled by mosses (M u s c i) and by some lichens foliaceous (Parmelia sulcata, P. dubia, Physcia grisea). The most frequent of mosses are: Pylaisia polyantha (H e d w.) B. S. G., Brachythecium salebrosum (W e b. et M o h r.) B. S. G., Oxyrrhynhium swartzii ( T u r n . ) W a r n s t . , Leskea polycarpa (H e d w.), Camptothecium lutescens (H e d w.) B. S. G.T and — sporadically — Rhynchostegium megapolitanum (W e b. et M o h r.) B. S. G. I mention here that there occur in the grass of the arboretum, in a mixture, Brachythecium salebrosum, Camptothecium lutescens, Rhynchostegium megapolitanum, Brachythecium glareosum (S p r u c.) B. S. G., and on its wet soil Barbula unguiculata H e d w. moss species. (For their kind determination thanks are due to Director Dr. B a r n a G y o r f f y , Budapest) The boles of tree truncs of mesophilous character are settled by xerophilous lichen species, as well. There are among them, apart from the above mentioned species, also some folia-ceous lichen species (Xanthoria parietina, X. fallax, Physcia orbicularis var. virella, Ph. ascendens). The lichen association fragments, and synusia present in the artioretum on isolated stems, occur on mesophilous truncs. The epiphytic lichen species, observed in the park at Tiszakvirt, are summed up arranged in species groups in the following Table: p. 24. From the lichen taxons, contained in the Table, the most interesting ones are doubtless the Buellia schaereri D e Not . , present on the Taxo-dium distichum, and the Chaenotheca hispidula (A c h.) A. Z a h 1 b r. f. acicularis (S m.) N a d v. (determ. F. F o r i s s, Miskolc), living en masse on the Metasequoia and developing small, stalked apothecia. The latter lichen species was first found in the course of the ten years long Tisza examination. The enumerated lichen species don't form well-developed coenoses in the arboretum at Tiszakiirt. There appear association fragments on the isolated truncs and synusia consisting of the species on the tree groupe of closed stock. From the associations first of all the Physcietum ascen-dentis O c h s n . is worth while being mentioned, with species: Physcia ascendens, Ph. stellaris, Ph. orbicularis, Ph. grisea, Ph. leptalea; Xanthoria parietina, Lecidea olivacea; Buellia punctata, Lecanora carpinea, Rinodina pyrina, Evernia prunastri, Parmelia sulcata. This association-fragment occurs mainly on the basic part of the truncs of Aesculus hippocastanum, Juglans nigra, Populus tremula and Quercus robur. On the basic part of the Aesculus hippocastanum, Fraxinus excelsior, Platanus acerifolia, older Populus alba, Robinia pseudacacia truncs the Physcietum ascendentis physciosum griseae B a r k m. variant appears, 24 PRESEHCE Oí EPIPHYTIC LICHEH SPECIES AND MOSSES Epiphytic lichen and moss species, and their voriaHon« On t h e s t e m o f Gymnospermae A n g i o s p e r m o e a) Lichenee Buellta punctata — - f.depauperoto — - vor.chloropolio — schaereri Choenotheca hispid ulo f.acicularis Evernia prunastri Lecanora carpinea — pallida Lecidea glomeruloso — olivaceo Parmelia dubia — sulcata Physcia oscendens grisea — — var. Parrea — — var furfuracea — leptaleo — orbicularis var. virella — stelkiris r tuberculata Rinodina pyrina Xanthoria fallax — parietina — — vor. chlorina b.) Bryophyta Brachythecium saiebrosum Camptothecium lutescerta Leskeo pdycorpa Qxyrrhynhium swarzii Pylaisia polyantha Rhynchostegium megopolitanum A A .Signs used • • Frequent, A - sporadically present, +• - rare with the differential species Physcia grisea arid — more rarely — Evernia prunastri. The other variant, the Physcietum ascendentis physciosum leptaleae K1 e m., occurs, with the differential species Physcia leptalea, on the Juglans nigra, Populus alba and P. trémula, as well on the basic part of the Salix babylonica trunes. Isolated trees of smooth trunc are characterized by the fragment of the lichen coenosis Lecanoretum carpineae continentále ( G a l l é ) B a r k m. whose character species, observed in the areal of the arbo-25 return, are: Lecanora carpinea, L. pallida; Lecidea parasema, L. olivacea; Buellia punctata, Rinodina pyrina. It is remarkable how poorly the Lecanora carpinea, indicated as a character species of the association, grows in this lowland locality. Its apothecia are small, often closed, and even the number of these rudimentary apothecia is low. This phe-nomenon can be explained with the circumstances of moisture on the xerophilous truncs, un favourable for the lichen, and with the rather high degree of getting covered with dust. The value of exhalation, measured with Piche's instrument, has been 12,1 cubic cm in twelve hours. The apothecia of Lecanora carpinea have been observed becoming rudimentary round the great cities of contaminated air. In the arboretum this factor is not present, there-fore this phenomenon is to be attributed to above mentioned circumstances. In the closed substance, in park-parts grown woodlike, a synusium Lecanora carpinea — Lecidea olivacea has been observed in the Fraxi-neto-Quercetum. The small crustaceous lichen species of the level com-munity don't cover closed the surface ot tree truncs but they appear scattered, more or less far from one another, touching one another but here' and there. The diameter of the single thalli is 2—3 cm. The apo-thecia are but little developed in this part of the park, as well. It is interesting to observere on these truncs the appearance of the so-called sterile spots. It is namely a frequent phenomenon that the thalli of the lichens belonging to different species don't take the place of rind surfaces where before some previous thalli of lichens or thalli of fungi lived. On these spots there aren't formed any lichen thalli. This phe-nomenon may be explained so that the active chemical agents of the thalli or previous thalli of the different species behave like antibiotics towards the lichen belonging to other species. This fact enables them, too, to ensure for themselves the rind surfaces already occupied. In other localities it may be observed, as well, that where the thalli of the crustaceous lichens touch one another there appear, influenced by the differring chemical construction of the thallus, lighter and darker stripes and, under such circumstances, the appearance of the thalluses, taking place beside one another, is map-like. In other cases, on the other hand, this phenomenon may be explained with the colour contrast of the previous thalli, getting visible from beneath the thallus after it had developed. From the epilithic thalli the map-like surfaces by the Rhizo-carpones are like this. References B a r k m a n, J. J. (1958): Phytosociology and Ecology of cryptogamic epiphytes. Assem, pp. 628. F e l f ö l d y, L. (1941): Epiphytic vegetation of the wood „Nagyerdő" at Debrecen. (Die Epiphytenvegetation des Waldes „Nagyerdő" bei Debrecen.) Acta Geobot Hung. 4, 35—73. (Hungarian) F e l f ö l d y, L. (1942): Influence of town air on the epiphytic lichen vegetation in Debrecen. (Uber den Einfluss der Stadtluft auf die Flechtenvegetation der Bäume in Debrecen.) Acta Geobot. Hung. 4, 332—349. (Hungarian ) G a l l é , L. (1960): Die Flechtengesellschaften des Tisza—Maroswinkels. Acta Bot. 6, 15—33. 4 2 6 G a l l é , L. (1962): Liehen from the inundation aréa of the Tisza in the county Szolnok. „Jászkunság", 8, 179—181. (Hungárián) G a l l é , L. (1966): Liehen coenoses of stone dams at the Tisza (Gesellschaften von auf Steinen wohnenden Flechten auf Überschwemmungsgebieten der Theiss.) Yearbook of the Museum „Ferenc Móra", 1964—65, 265—286. (Hungárián) K l e m e n t , O. (1955): Prodromus der mitteleuropäischen Flechtengesellschaften. Fedde's Repertórium spec. nov. regn. veget. 135, 5—194. K l e m e n t, O. (1966): Vom Flechtensterben im nördlichen Deutschland. Ber. Naturhist. Ges. 110, 55—66. W i 1 m a n n s, O. (1962): Rindenbewohnende Epiphytengemeinschaften in Süd-westdeutschland. Beitr. nat. Forsch. SW—Deutschlands 22, 87—164. 

Lichens of the Arboretum at Tiszakürt and her surroundings

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Lichens of the Arboretum at Tiszakürt and her surroundings

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