Sey, O.

English

Sey O.

University of Szeged

CONTRIBUTIONS TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE INTERNAL PARASITES OF MUSKRAT (ONDATRA ZIBETHICA L., 1776) LIVING ALONG THE RIVER TISZA О. SEY Teacher's Training College, Pécs (Received, November 10, 1965.) The muskrat got into the fauna of Europe morethan half a century ago. It was introduced into a domain in Dobris, Bohemia. The species of great prolificity, of migratory inclination and of good acclimatizing capacity very soon spread in the whole Bohemia and simultaneously it began its European expansion. In this country the first one got caught in Németjátfalu (county Moson) just half a century ago (1914). At present it is generally known in the whole country and is a . fur animal of great value of our fauna. In its country of origin (North America) its inner parasite fauna had been studied thoroughly. The examinations began at the beginning of our century and go on in these days, as well. In Europa the revelation of its parasites began im-mediately after its introduction and we can find data referring here to almost in every European country. In this country, however, this is the first contribution about the internal parasites of muskrats. The parasites found belong to the clàsses Trematoda: Echinostoma coalitum B a r k e s et B e a v e r , 1915; E. revolutum ( F r ö h l i c h , 1802), D i e t z , 1909; Psi-lotrema marki S k w o r c o w , 1934; Plagiorchis (P.y proximus B a r k e s , 1915 — Cestoda: Aprostatandrya (A.) macrocephala ( D o u t h i t t , 1915) S p a s s к y, 1949; Cysticercus taenia taeniaeformis ( B a t s с h, 1789) — Nematoda: Ascaris sp. (larva). Material and method The material necessary for examinations was obtained from profes-sional collectors of muskrats. I have had a relatively small material at my disposal (Vásárosnamény: 13, Szeged: 12 pieces), so the result obtained cannot raise a claim to completeness being but of informative character in connection with this problem. At autopsy the following course was kept. The cavity of animal was opened in a dissection-dish, below water. The several organs were put separately into Ρ e t ri cups, thoracic and abdominal cavities of the ani-mal were examined. Then the organs (brain, heart, lungs, liver, gall-blad-der, pancreas, kidney, bladder, intestinal tract) were dissected and exa-mined under microscope. The parasites found were cleaned in isotonic saline solution from possible contaminations. For fixing, staining, and conserving the parasites I used the generally 12 S.Tóth employed techniques. The Trematoda and Cestoda were fixed and pre-served in 70. p. c. alcohol. Fixation was carried out under topplate with a mild pressure on parasites where necessary. Trematoda were stained in borax-carmine alcoholic solution, Cestoda, however, in Grenacher-Dela-field's haematoxylin. The stained parasites were differentiated in hydro-chloric alcohol, dehydrated in ascending alcohol-series, cleared in clove-oil and closed in Canada balsam. Nematoda were fixed and. preserved in Barbagallo solution, cleared in lactic acid. Faunistic Part Trematoda: Family I. Echinostomatidae D i e t z , 1909. 1. Echinostoma revolutum ( F r ö h l i c h , 1802) D i e t z , 1909. The occurrence of the species is known all over the world. It occurs alike in vertabrata philogenetically distant, In North America it was described by L e i d y (14) from muskrats (Distomum echinatum Z e d e r , 1803). In Europe it is mentioned by J. G r a b d a (12) from muskrats in Poland. I have found three ones in a unique specimen of test material from Vásárosnamény. Localization: small intestine. Its hosts: Canis familiaris, Mus musculus, Ondatra zibethica, Sus scrofa, Nycticorax violaceus, Gallínula goleata, Cresciscus viridis, Colum-ba livia, Anas platyrhynchos. 2. Echinostoma coalitum B a r k e r et B e a v e r , 1915. It got to Europe on the occasion of the introduction of muskrat. In North America it is a common parasite of muskrats. In Europa Τ e η ο r a (21) wrote the first time about the muskrat in Czecho-Slovakia. It is a corpulent parasite considerably lengthened. Its bodylength changes between 18—33 mm, its width between 1,3—2,3 mm. On the col-lar in frontpart of its body 35 spines may be observed. The mouth-sucker is spherical, of terminal location. Measure: 0,2—0,4 mm. The abdominal sucker is well developed, muscular, of 0,9—1,6 mm size. Pharynx is well developed, oesophagus relatively short. The intestinal branches are simple, reaching until the end of body. . The ovary is 0,2—0,6 mm, egg-shaped or oval. Its rim is normal or mildly wavy. It lies in the forepart of the posterior body-half. Testes are to be found in the middle line of body. Size of the first testis changes between .0,5—1,3 mm, that of the second one between 0,8—1,5 mm. Cir-rus- pouch is well developed, it is placed before the posterior sucker. The orifice of the genital pore may be observed before the abdominal sucker, run until the end of body and fill the part of body behind the testes, as well. Uterus is well developed, it gets, with transversal tortuosity, into the genital pore. There are numerous oval ova. Their dimension is: 0,06—0,1X0,05—0,07 mm. S.Tóth 500jL Echinostoma coalitum B a r k e r e t В e a v e r , 1915 Localization: small intestine. Spread: North America, Czecho-Slovakia, Hungary (Vásárosnamény). Host: Ondatra zibethica, Apodemus flavicollis. Family II: Psilostomatidae O d h η e r, 1913. 1. Psilotrema marki S k w o r c o w , 1934. S k w o r c o w has found this species in the small intestine of Arvi-cola terrestris. From muskrat it is mentioned by S p a s s к y and co-wor-kers the first time in 1949. And from muskrats in Poland the first pub-lication is by J. G r a n d a in 1954. It is a worm of small body. Hinder bodypart becomes thin in a les-ser, the frontal one in a greater degree. Its lengtin is 1,11—1,37 mm, width 0,67 mm. Mouth-sucker is of subterminal location. Size: 0,14— 0,16X0,15 mm. The abdominal sucker is round, it can be found in the second quarter of the body length. Its diameter is 0,19—0,16 mm. Pha-rynx is considerably developed, immediately after it the oesophagus is divided into two intestinal branches. The intestinal branches are simple, they reach till the end of body. Ovary is to be found a little right from the middle line of body, bet-ween the abdominal sucker and the first testis. Size: 0,11—0,15X0,09— 0,16 mm. The testes are in the hinder part of body, behind each other. The first testis is 0,09—0,19X0,14—0,16 mm, the other one 0,13—0,20X 0,16—0,19 mm. The genital pore can be found in height of the pharynx. Uterus is short, number of ova little. Ova are of a little oval shape. Size: 0,095X0,11 mm. Localization: small intestine. Spread: Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary (Vásárosnamény). Host: Arvicola terrestris, Ondatra zibethica. Family III: Plagiorchidae L ü h e , 1901. 1. Plagiorchis (P.) proximus B a r k e r , 1915. It got to Europe simultaneously with the muskrat. S c h u l t z men-tions it from muskrat living in the Soviet Union in 1932, J. G r a b d a S.Tóth írom Poland in 1954, E r h a r d o v a from Czecho-Slovakia in 1958. Body-shape and size of European ones differ from data published by B a r k e r . It is a worm of small body. Bodylength 1,30—4,60 mm, width 0,49— 1,10 mm. Its mouth-sucker is of subterminal location. Size: 0,08—0,28X 0,04—0,17 mm. Abdominal sucker is to be found on the dividing line of the first and second quarters of body, of size 0,06—0,15X0,07—0,14 mm. Pharynx is connected immediately to the oral aperture and goes on in the intestinal branches. The intestinal branches are simple, reaching till the end of body. Ovary is round or oval, a little right from the middle line of body, immediately besides the cirrus pouch. Size: 0,095—0,17X0,1—0,3 mm. Testes are round or oval, of normal rim. They lie in the forepart of the hinder body-part. The first testis is 0,12—0,22 mm, the aecond one 0,20— 0,25 mm. The cirrus pouch is well developed, pear chaped, its basic part reaches till the level of ovary. The vitelline glands take place close to one another from the intestinal bifurcation until the end of body. Ova are numerous, of straw-yellow colour. Size: 0,032—0,037X 0,016—0,024 mm. Localization: small intestine. Spread: North America, Soviet Union, Poland, Czecho-Slovakia, Hun-gary (Vásárosnamény, Szeged). Host: Ondatra zibethica. Cestoda: Family I. Anoplocephalidae C h o l o d k o w s k y , 1902. 1. Aprostatandrya (A.) macrocephala ( D o u t h i t t , 1915) S p a s s k y , 1949. Worm of middle size. The scolex is more or less round. On it round and oval suckers are to be found. The segments go on increasing, depar-ting from scolex. Their highest width is to be found at segments con-taining the matured genitals. Cuticle is rather thin, parenchyma muscles are well developed. There are numerous testes (40—100 pieces), taking place at most apo-larly. The female genitals are of semicircle structure, lying in the middle of segment. Ovary consists of numerous, club shaped labes. The vitelline glands take place among the lobes of ovary. Ova are round or oval, their size is: 0,03—0,04 mm. Localization: small intestine. Spread: Soviet Union, Czecho-Slovakia, Hungary (Vásárosnamény), North America. Host: Geomys bursarius, Microtus arvalis, Mus agrestis, Microtus oeconomus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Arvicola terrestris, Ondatra zibe-thica. Family II: Taeniidae L u d w i g , 1886. 1. Cysticercus taenia taeniaeformis (B a t s с h, 1786). It is a frequent parasite of muskrats. The cysts sometimes covered the surface of liver almost thoroughly. Their number changed, as a rule, between 8—32. S.Tóth Aprostatandrya (A.) macrocephala ( D o u t h i t t , 1915) S pa s s k y , 1949 The sexually mature worms sponge on the intestinal tract of the spe-cies of families Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae. Spread: North America, Soviet Union, Great Britain, Poland, Cze-cho-Slovakia, Hungary (Vásárosnamény, Szeged). S.Tóth Nematoda: Family I: Ascaridae В a i r d, 1853. 1. Ascaris sp. (larva). We have found a female worm in the intestinal tract of a single ani-mal of the material of examination from Vásárosnamény. Summary From the relatively small material of examination from the two banks of Tisza (Vásárosnamény, Szeged) we have obtained the following parasites: Trematoda: Echinostoma coalitum B a r k e r et B e a v e r , 1915; E. revolutum (Fröhlich, 1802) D i e t z , 1909; Psilotrema marki S k w o r -c o w , 1934; Plagiorchis (P.) proximus B a r k e r , 1915; Cestoda: Aprosta-tandrya (A.) macrocephala ( D u i t n i t t , 1915) S p a s s k y , 1949; Nema-toda: Ascaris sp. (larva). The occurrence of the above species in small mammals and muskrats is generally known in Europe. After extending the examinations to the whole year and employing a larger material, the number of parasites of muskrats living the vicinity of Tisza will certainly be higher. References B a r k e r , F. D. (1915) Parasites of the American muskrat (Fiber zibethicus L.) J. Parasites. Vol. I (4) p. 184—197. . В а г к e r, F. D. and J. W. L a u g b 1 in (1911) A new species of Trematode from the muskrat, Tr. Am. Micr. Soc. 30. p. 261. В а г к e r, F. D. (1913) Parasites of the Muskrat, Science, 37. p. 268. В a г к e r, F. D. (1915) Parasites of the Muskrat, Science. N. S. 42. p. 570. В a г к e r, F. D. (1916) A new monostome trematode parasitic in· the muskrat, Tr. Am. Micr. Soc. 35, p. 175—184. В а г к e r, F. D. (1916) Parasites of the Muskrat, Science, N. S. 43. p. 208. В a r t i k , M. — P e c h a , J. — B e r d e c h o v a , J. (1956). Nález motolice Echinostoma coalitum njihov oravskych ondater, Ces. parasit. III. p. 9—13. В a y 1 i s, Η. Α. (1935) Some parasitic worms from muskrats in Great Britain. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London (10) 15. p. 534—549. С h a η d 1 e г, A. С. (1941) Helminths of muskrats in Southeast Texas. J. of Parasites. Vol. 27, p. 175—181. D a w e s, В. (1956) The Trematoda with Special Reference to British and other European Forms. Cambridge. E r h a r d o v a , B. (1958) Parasiticti cervi blodavcu Ceslovenska. Ces. parasit. V—1. p. 27—103. G r a b d a, J. (1954) Les parasites internes du rat musque — Ondatra zibethica L. — des environs S.Tóth de Pydgoszcz (Pologne). Act. ^Parasit. Polon. Vol. 11. F. 1—6. Warszawa, p. 17—36. K n i g h t , J. M. (1951) Diseases and Parasites of the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethica) in British Colum-bia. Canad. Journ. Zool. 29. p. 188—214. L e i d y, J. (1904) Trematodes of the muskrat, Smith, Miscel, Coll. V. 46. p. 281. M o r e i , P. (1949) Contribution a l'étude du rat musqué en France, p. 1—104. P r i c e , E. W. (1931) Four new of trematode worms from the muskrat, Ondatra zibethica, with key to the trematode parasites of the munkrat. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 79. 4. p. 1—13. R i d e r, С. L. and M a с y, R. W. (1947) Preliminary survey of the helminth parasites of the muskrats in Northwestern Oregon, with description of Hymenolepis ondatrae n. sp. Trans, of the Micr. Sec. V. LXVI. No. 2. p. 176—181. R a u s c h , R. (1946) Parasites of Ohio muskrats. J. Wildlife. Mgt. I. p. S w e a t m a n, G. K. 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V. p. 42—52. S p a s s к y, A. A. (1953) Anoplocefaljátü T. I. Moscow. О stepenny samostaiatelnosti helmintofauny ondatry. K. 75 leti tud. Akad. Skrjabina. Isn. Akad. Nauk. Moscow, p. 688— 693. V a r e η ο ν, I. V. (1963) Macrotestophyes ondatrae gen. nov. sp. n. — novaia trematoda ondatry. К 85 leti. tud. Akad. Skrjabina. Isd. Akad. Nauk. p. 142—144. V a s i 1 i e ν, E. Α. (1939) Parasitofauna ondatry. Тр. Karelskpgo Ped. Inst. ser. biol. 1. p. 93. 

Contributions to knowledge of the internal parasites of muskrat (ondatra zibethica L., 1776) living along the river Tisza

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Contributions to knowledge of the internal parasites of muskrat (ondatra zibethica L., 1776) living along the river Tisza

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