Peran Negara dalam Pengelolaan Zakat Umat Islam di Indonesia

Abstract

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam that its implementation is based on sharia / Islamic law. Aside from being a ritual worship, zakat is also a social worship and has a political dimension linked to the involvement of the state in its management. Zakat management has led to a formal, collective, organized and permanent structure since the time of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. As the development of Islamic territory, the increasingly advanced level of the economy and the increasingly complex government structure, zakat management policies changed dynamically according to the changing times. Forms of zakat management and state involvement in the management of zakat also vary. The management of zakat in Indonesia has also developed in such a way. As a country that has the largest Muslim population in the world, the issue of zakat became inseparable from the social life of Indonesian society. The State of Indonesia is not a state of religion / Islamic state, where Islamic Shari'a is used as the foundation of the constitution of the state, but a democracy that makes religious values the foundation of the constitution. In countries which make Islam the foundation of the state constitution, the implementation of zakat is an obligation. There is coercion from the state to the citizens to pay zakat and there are sanctions for the negligence of zakat payment. In these countries, zakat is incorporated into the state's financial system, it can even be regarded as a compulsory tax for Muslims because it does not impose tax on Muslims except zakat. In writing this paper, the authors focus the problem on : "What is the role of the state in the management of Muslims‟ zakat in Indonesia?". Based on the results of the discussion, the authors conclude that the state does not force against the citizens of Indonesia in paying zakat because the payment of zakat in Indonesia is voluntary. However, the state plays a role in the management of zakat because it deals with the public interest in which zakat funds from Muslims are collected and managed and for the purpose of the management is achieved and no rights of Muslims are violated. In terms of Islamic zakat management in Indonesia, the state acts as regulator, manager and supervisor