The article deals with the results of study of structural
organization of epithelial tissue of the kidneys that were exposed to
the combined influence of stress factor and metal salts. It has been
determined, that of all the methods, used in the research,
morphological changes are characterized by the method of laser
polarimetry in full measure

Boychuk, T.M.

Chernikova, G.M.

Petryshen, O.I.

Yermolenko, S.B.

Цифровий Репозиторій - Інтелектуальні Фонди Буковинського державного медичного університету

28Êë³í³÷íà òà åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíà ïàòîëîã³ÿ Òîì XII,  ¹3 (45), 2013ÓÄÊ 611:61-018.7:[535.361+535.51T. M. BoychukO. I. PetryshenH. M. ChernikovaS. B.Yermolenko*Bukovinian State Medical University,Chernivtsi* Y.Fedkovych Chernivtsi NationalUniversity T.M.Boychuk, O.I.Petryshen, H.M.Chernikova, S.B.Yermolenko, 2013MORPHOLOGICAL, MORPHOMETRIC ANDLASER POLARIMETRYCHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIALTISSUE OF KIDNEYS THAT HAVE BEENSTRUCTURALLY REORGANIZEDAbstract. The article deals with the results of study of structuralorganization of epithelial tissue of the kidneys that were exposed tothe combined influence of stress factor and metal salts. It has beendetermined, that of all the methods, used in the research,morphological changes are characterized by the method of laserpolarimetry in full measure.Key words: aluminum chloride, leadchloride, kidney, immobilizing stress,morphology, laser polarimetry.IntroductionOne of the organs which provide the stability of theinternal medium of the organism is kidney. Theexcretion of the final products of metabolism(glomerular filtration, reabsorbtion, active secretion) isprovided by specialized elements of kidney – nephrons[7,9]. Large amount of nephrons, typical tissue divisionin kidney, heterogeneous structure, organization ofmicrocirculatory stream, wide ways of venous andlymphatic drainage, presence of specialized endocrineapparatus, that take part in regulation of hemodynamics,intro- and extrarenal nervous ligaments – all thesefactors determine the complicated construction ofkidney, as a life important organ, that keeps permanencyof internal medium of the organism.The excretion of different xenobiotics pass throughthe kidney, that leads to morphological and functionaldisorders [4,6,8]. These substances include differentchemical compounds of industrial processes. Amongpollutants of technogenic origin one of the first placesis occupied by compounds of different metals, andamong them important places are taken by aluminumand lead salts [2,3].As is generally known, substances that formaluminum and lead are concerned to be high molecularpoisons, that are characterized by the slow excretionfrom the organism and have polytrophic effect, that inits turn leads not only to toxic damage of the organs, butalso to the exacerbation of chronic attendant diseases.Another harmful factor, the effect of which leads tomorphological and functional disorders is stress. It hasbeen proved, that stress initiates the development ofadaptive reactions, and functional disorders. In responseto this, adaptive and compensatory systems of theorganism start functioning on the higher and moreintensive level to stabilize main homeostaticparameters. During long term and strong effect of stressfactors the stress reaction can become pathogenic basefor the development of various illnesses.There are no published facts about the influence ofaluminum and lead salts on an immobilizingbackground.Research objectTo research the influence of aluminum and leadsalts combined with the effects of immobilizing stresson kidney morphology. As well as our work is directedto the research of the potentialities of the technique oflaser polarimetry and spectropolarimetry of theepithelial tissue of kidney [1,5].Material and methods50 mature male albino rats, with the body weight0,18-0,2 kg, kept in vivarium conditions under theconstant temperature and air moisture, with freeaccess to water and food, were studied by thecomplex of morphological and morphometricalmethods. Animals were divided into 2 groups.I group – control (n=25), II group – research (n=25)in which animals during 14 days were injectedintraventricularly by 1% starch suspension ofaluminum chloride in a dose of 200mg/kg and leadchloride 50mg/kg. On the 14th day of the experimentgroup II of animals were effected by one hourimmobilizing stress. Next step of the experiment waseuthanasia of animals under light ether with furtherkidney removal. Kidneys were fixed in 10% solutionof neutral formalin, dehydrated in ethyl alcohol ofgrowing concentration and covered with paraffin.Microtome cuts, 6-8 mkm in thick were colored by29Îðèã³íàëüí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ30Êë³í³÷íà òà åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíà ïàòîëîã³ÿ Òîì XII,  ¹3 (45), 2013hematoksylin-eozyn. Morphometric methods ofresearch were carried out by means of ocularmicrometer and with the use of histometric methodsof research by Palkovits and Zolnai.For estimation of diagnostic possibilities ofstatistical and fractal analysis of the kidney epithelialtissue the histologic specimens in health sections ofnormal (I group) and group under study (II group) –were investigated.The indices were processed statistically, thedifference between the comparable indices wasdetermined by the Student-criteria.Discussion of the results of the researchAnalyzing morphometric kidney indices ofexperimental animals, the thickness increase of thecortical (240±4,21 against 160±2,5 mkm in controlgroup) and cerebral substance (128±1,2 against96±1,6 mkm in control group) was stated.Experimental animals had the increase of nephronbody sizes (117±10,25 õ 104± 11,8 mkm against81,25±5,15 õ 81,25±4,75 mkm in control group) dueto the volume growth of choroid glomus (91±2,5 ×104±4,5 mkm against 65±0,6 x 65±0,93 mkm incontrol group) and filtrating fissure (22,75±1,23against 6,5±0,3 mkm in control group). Changes arealso seen in the nephron tubules, the diameterbecomes 2,5 times bigger in proximal part, Henle’sloop and moderate growth of the distal part.Experimental animals also had morphologicalchanges in the cells, that are the part of the renaltubules structure. There are significant hydropicchanges and signs of ballonic dystrophy inepitheliocytes of proximal and distal parts of nephron(figure 2). Cell cytoplasm contains small and fewlarge vacuoles, and perinuclear vacuoles in manyepitheliocytes, that increases cell sizes (16,2 5±0,66against 6,5±0,59 mkm in control group). Cell nucleiare hyperchromic, nuclei-cytoplasm Hertvig’s indexis moved to the cytoplasm side. Local morphologicalchanges, which are accompanied by dystrophicdisorders of the cell structure are marked in part ofepitheliocytes of proximal and distal tubes.Moderate cases of stasis and sludge, vascularplethora, acute broadening of lymphatic vessels,stromal and perivisal oedemata, small centers ofdiapedic bleedings are found in blood micro-circulatory stream of kidney.Histological sections of optically thick (reductionfactor, geometrical thickness – 400) layers of epithelialtissue were used as the objects of investigation.Polarization images of the healthy andmorphologically modified kidney tissues obtainedfor coaxial (0-0) and crossed (0-90) polarizer andanalyzer are presented in figure.31Îðèã³íàëüí³ äîñë³äæåííÿConclusions1. Combined action of aluminum, lead salts andimmobilizing stress leads to morphofunctional anddystrophycal changes in renal tissue with the effectsof hydropic and ballonic dystrophy in epitheliocytesof nephron tubules, which are accompanied by theeffects of stasis and sludge with acute blood fillingand broadening of lymphatic vessels, stromal andperivisal oedemata, small centers of diapedicbleedings.2. The statistic moments of the 3rd and 4th ordersappeared to be the most sensitive to pathologicalchanges of orientation-phase structure of archi-tectonics of the epithelial tissue kidney. Their value(asymmetry of distribution) changes within the limitsof two orders.Perspectives of the further researchFurther studying of the influence of combinedaction of aluminum, lead salts and immobilizingstress on the kidney morphology will give theopportunity to reveal the dynamics of the deve-lopment of compensatory-adaptive and reparativemechanisms as well as to develop methods of theircorrection.References. 1.Àíãåëüñêèé Î. Â. Ïîëÿðèçàöèîííî-ôàçî-âàÿ âèçóàëèçàöèÿ è îáðàáîòêà êîãåðåíòíûõ èçîáðàæåíèéôðàêòàëüíûõ ñòðóêòóð áèîòêàíåé / Î.Â.Àíãåëüñêèé, À.Ã.Ó-øåíêî, À.Ä.Àðõåëþê è äð. // Æóðíàë ïðèêëàäíîé ñïåêòðî-ñêîïèè. – 2000. – Ò.67. ¹ 5. – ñ. 664-667; 2.Íàçàðåíêî Ã.È.Êëèíè÷åñêàÿ îöåíêà ðåçóëüòàòîâ ëàáîðàòðíûõ èñëåäîâàíé:2-å èçäàíèå, ñòåðèîòèïíîå /Ã.È.Íàçàðåíêî, À.À.Êèøêóí –Ì: Ìåäèöèíà, 2006 – 544 ñ; 3.Óøåíêî Î.Ã. 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Biochem. and Physiol.- 1992.- 101.-¹ 2.- P.209-213. 9.Goethals F., Bocquet J.M., Allaeys V., Roberfroid M. Theuse of rat renal slices as an in vitro model to evaluatenephrotoxicity // J. Pharm. Belg.- 1993.- 48.-¹ 2.- P.130.ÌÎÐÔÎËÎÃ²×ÍÀ, ÌÎÐÔÎÌÅÒÐÈ×ÍÀ ÒÀËÀÇÅÐÍÎÏÎËßÐÈÌÅÒÐÈ×ÍÀ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀÅÏ²ÒÅË²ÀËÜÍÎ¯ ÒÊÀÍÈÍÈ ÍÈÐÎÊ, ÙÎ ÇÀÇÍÀËÈÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ¯ ÐÅÎÐÃÀÍ²ÇÀÖ²¯Ò.Ì.Áîé÷óê, Î.².Ïåòðèøåí, Ã.Ì.×åðí³êîâà,Ñ.Á. ªðìîëåíêîÐåçþìå. Ó ðîáîò³ íàâåäåíí³ ðåçóëüòàòè âèâ÷åííÿ ñòðóê-òóðíî¿ îðãàí³çàö³¿ åï³òåë³àëüíî¿ òêàíèíè íèðîê, ùî ï³ääàâà-ëèñÿ êîìá³íîâàíîìó âïëèâó ñòðåñ-ôàêòîðà òà ñîëåé ìåòàë³â.Âèçíà÷åíî, ùî ³ç âèêîðèñòàíèõ ìåòîä³â äîñë³äæåííÿ â á³ëüøïîâí³é ì³ð³, ìîðôîëîã³÷í³ çì³íè õàðàêòåðèçóº ñàìå ìåòîäëàçåðíî¿ ïîëÿðèìåòð³¿.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà. àëþì³í³þ õëîðèä, ñâèíöþ õëîðèä, íèðêà,³ììîá³ë³çàö³éíèé ñòðåñ, ìîðôîëîã³ÿ, ëàçåðíà ïîëÿðèìåòð³ÿ.ÌÎÐÔÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÀß, ÌÎÐÔÎÌÅÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÈËÀÇÅÐÍÎÏÎËßÐÈÌÅÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÀßÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ ÅÏÈÒÅËÈÀËÜÍÎÉ ÒÊÀÍÈÏÎ×ÅÊ, ÊÎÒÎÐÀß ÏÎÄÂÅÐÃËÀÑÜ ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎÉÐÅÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈÒ.Í.Áîé÷óê, À.È.Ïåòðèøåí, Ã.Í.×åðíèêîâà,Ñ.Á. ÅðìîëåíêîÐåçþìå. Â ðàáîòå ïðåäñòàâëåíû ðåçóëüòàòû èçó÷åíèÿñòðóêòóðíîé îðãàíèçàöèè ýïèòåëèàëüíîé òêàíè ïî÷åê, êîòî-ðûå áûëè ïîääàííû êîìáèíèðîâàííîìó âëèÿíèþ ñòðåññ-ôàêòîðà è ñîëåé ìåòàëëîâ. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî èç èñïîëüçóå-ìûõ ìåòîäîâ èññëåäîâàíèÿ â áîëåå ïîëíîé ìåðå, ìîðôîëî-ãè÷åñêèå èçìåíåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèçèðóåò èìåííî ìåòîä ëàçåð-íîé ïîëÿðèìåòðèè.Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà. Àëþìèíèÿ õëîðèä, ñâèíöà õëîðèä,ïî÷êà, èììîáèëèçàöèîííûé ñòðåññ, ìîðôîëîãèÿ, ëàçåðíàïîëÿðèìåòðèÿ.Áóêîâèíñüêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ìåäèöèíñêèéóíèâåðñèòåò, ã.×åðíîâöû ×åðíîâèöêèé íàöèîíàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåòèì. Þ.Ôåäüêîâè÷àClin. and experim. pathol.- 2013.- Vol.12, ¹3 (45).-P28-31.Íàä³éøëà äî ðåäàêö³¿ 03.09.2013Ðåöåíçåíò – ïðîô. Â.Ì.Øàïëàâñüêèé T.M.Boychuk, O.I.Petryshen, H.M.Chernikova, S.B.Yermolenko,2013___________

Morphological, morphometric and laser polarimetry characteristics of epithelial tissue of kidneys that have been structurally reorganized

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Цифровий Репозиторій - Інтелектуальні Фонди Буковинського державного медичного університету