We report 66 ground beetle species in 14 tribes from a natural preserve in northeastern Ohio (Stark County). Six species are new state records. Data from pitfall trap transects across adjoining habitats suggest narrow habitat preferences in some species and broad tolerances in others.
Trends toward flightlessness in forest species and macroptery in the fauna of disturbed agricultural sites are apparent

Bater, John E

Paoletti, Maurizio G

Purrington, Foster F

Stinner, Benjamin R

English

ValpoScholar

The Great Lakes Entomologist 
Volume 22 
Number 3 - Fall 1989 Number 3 - Fall 1989 Article 1 
October 1989 
Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its 
Surroundings in Northeastern Ohio (Coleoptera: Carabidae) 
Foster F. Purrington 
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center 
John E. Bater 
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center 
Maurizio G. Paoletti 
University of Padua 
Benjamin R. Stinner 
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center 
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle 
 Part of the Entomology Commons 
Recommended Citation 
Purrington, Foster F.; Bater, John E.; Paoletti, Maurizio G.; and Stinner, Benjamin R. 1989. "Ground Beetles 
From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its Surroundings in Northeastern Ohio (Coleoptera: 
Carabidae)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 22 (3) 
Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss3/1 
This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. 
It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. 
For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. 
1989 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 105 
GROUND BEETLES FROM A REMNANT OAK·MAPLE-BEECH 
}'OREST AND ITS SURROUNDINGS IN NORTHEASTERN omo 
(COI,EOPTERA: CARABIDAE)1 
Foster F. Purrington2, John E. Bater2, Maurizio G. Paoletti" 
and Benjamin R. Stinner 
ABSTRACT 
We 
report 
66 ground beetle species in 14 tribes from a natural preserve in northeastern 
Ohio (Stark County). Six species are new state records. Data from pitfall trap transects 
across adjoining habitats suggest narrow habitat preferences in some species and broad 
tolerances in others. 
Trends toward flightlessness in forest species and macroptery in the fauna of disturbed 
agricultural sites are apparent. 
Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are well represented in North America and can 
comprise an important invertebrate component of terrestrial communities in a wide range 
of 
habitats (e.g., Boiteau 1983, Thiele 1977). The family's dramatic adaptive radiation 
often reflects a fine-grained pattern of habitat 
preference which has led to several studies 
focused on niche partitioning (Liebherr 1988, Loreau 1988, McKee 1986, Wallin 1986). 
By 
sampling across sharply distinctive adjoining habitats we expected to find evidence 
that the carabid fauna is segregated on the basis 
of such habitat characteristics as local 
plant assemblages and stability of moisture and temperature regimes. We had an 
opportunity to sample carabids at a site where an old-growth upland forest representing a 
stable environment abutted highly disturbed agricultural areas. 
Darlington (1943, 1970) analyzed carabid brachyptery in relation to island habitats and 
montane refugia. While he presented a very complex discussion of the interaction of 
invader species, geographical latitude, habitat size, etc., he concluded that flightlessness 
is an evolutionary outcome of resource predictability. We hypothesized that the relatively 
stable conditions in the old-growth forest would favor a flightless fauna by reducing the 
importance of vagility. 
COLLECTING SITE 
Stark County is located in NE Ohio on the Appalachian Plateau. We collected at The 
Wilderness Center, Wilmot in Sugar Creek township in the SW corner of the county. This 
I Salaries and research support provided by State and Federal funds appropriated to the Ohio 
Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University. Manuscript number 
154-89. 
2Depanment of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, 
Ohio 44691. 
3Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy. 
1
Purrington et al.: Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its Surr
Published by ValpoScholar, 1989
106 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 22, No.3 
site was entirely glaciated, although it lies only a few Ian N of the terminal moraine of the 
final Wisconsin glaciation (Delong and White 1963). The soil association at the Center is 
predominantly Canfield-Wooster: well drained and formed n till deposited upon 
Pennsylvanian (Pottsville) sandstone (Christman et al. 1971). Annual precipitation is ca. 
9l 
em (National Weather Service, Akron-Canton Airport 30 yr average). 
Upland forest co-dominants at the collecting site are red and white oaks, sugar maple, 
and beech 
(Quercus rubra, Q. alba. Acer saccharum, and Fagus grandifolia, respec­
tively). This forest fragment contains large, overmature trees, and although grazed by 
cattle and lumbered occasionally over the years, it is most likely a credible remnant of the 
original pre-Columbian forest (G. Maupin pers. comm.). Co-dominant trees on less well 
drained areas include pin oak, shagbark hickory, red maple, American elm, and white ash 
(Q. palustris. Carya ovata, A. rubrum, Ulmus americana, and Fraxinus americana, 
respectively). In addition to forested areas, the preserve includes small impoundments, 
rills, old field habitat, and adjacent agricultural zones. 
MATERIALS AND METHODS 
We 
sampled with pitfall traps using a 
1: 1 mixture of water and ethylene glycol. During 
each trapping period in 1987 and 1988, traps were spaced 10 m apart along four parallel 
linear transects in both upland and lowland forest, through a hay meadow into corn 
(1987), or from lowland forest directly into corn and oats (1988). We trapped for 72 h n 
three occasions in the 1987 season and twice in 1988. For each trapping bout we used a 
total of 80 traps along the same four transects. 
In addition to carabids from our pitfall trapping, we have added hand-capture records 
obtained by us and Richard M. Ritter (whose collection is housed at the preserve site in 
Stark County). Our records are represented by voucher specimens in our collections at the 
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. 
We have followed Lindroth's (1961-1969) classification, with minor adaptations 
(Erwin et al. 1977) and revisions and additions evident in Shrock's (1985) checklist of 
Indiana Carabidae. The Ritter collection and ours include a few undetermined species of 
Lebia, species in the Amarini, and Bembidiini that are not included in this paper. 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
We 
collected 66 carabid beetle species 
in 14 tribes from the preserve collection site 
(Table I); six species are new state records, confirmed by checking the compilation of 
North and Central American species by Erwin et al. (1977), Dury (1902), Wright and 
Whitehouse (1941), Everly's (1927) list of Columbus, Ohio carabids, and reports by 
Brust et al. (l986a, 1986b). 
Table I.-Carabidae from The Wilderness Center, Wilmot, Ohio with collection date: RMR 
Ritter collection. 
Cicindelini 
Cicindela sexguttata (F.) 3-V-SI RMR 
Cicindela punctulata Olivier 18-VII-88 
Cychrini 
Sphaeroderus stenostomus Weber 12-IX-88 
Sphaeroderus lecontei Dejean 12-VI-87 
Nebriini 
Nebria pal/ipes Say 9-IX-82 RMR 
Notiophilini 
Notiophilus aeneus Herbst IS-XII-77 RMR state record 
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The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 22, No. 3 [1989], Art. 1
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1989 107 TIlE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 
Notiophilus novemstriatus leConte 18-XI-79 RMR 
Notiophilus semistriatus Say 9-IX-88 
Elaphrini 
Elaphrus rusearius Say 10-V 
-84 RMR 
Scaritini 
Clivina bipustulata (F.) 24-V-88 
Clivina impressifrons LeConte 6-VI-80 RMR 
Scarites substriatus Haldeman 18- VII-88 
Scarites subterraneus F. 12-VII-83 RMR 
Patrobini 
Patrobus longicornis Say 24-V-88 
Pterostichini 
Myas coracinus Say 18-VII-88 
Pterostichus adoxus (Say) 18-VII-88 
Pterostichus ehalcites Say 18-VII-88 
Pterostichus coracinus Newman 9-IX-88 
Pterostichus femoralis Kirby 29-IX-82 RMR 
Pterostichus honestus Say 12-IX-88 
Pterostichus lucublandus Say 9-IX-88 
Pterostichus mutus Say 12-IX-88 
Pterostichus ohionis Csiki 24-V-88 
Pterostichus stygicus Say 18-VII-88 
Cyclotrachelus sodalis (leConte) 18-VII-88 
Abacidus hamiltoni Horn 18-VII-88 
Abacidus permundus (Say) 18-VII-88 
Calathus gregarius Say 18-VIl-88 
Synuchus impunctatus (Say) 18-VIl-88 
Agonum crenistriatum (leConte) 18-VII -88 
Agonum cupripenne (Say) 12-VI-87 
Agonumplacidum (Say) 18-XII-77 RMR 
Agonum puncticeps Casey 18-VII-88 
Agonum punctiforme (Say) 18-VII-88 
Platynus decentis Say 24-V -88 
Platynus hypolithos (Say) 18-VII-88 
Harpalini 
Harpalus bieolor (F.) 18-VII-88 
Harpalus caliginosus (F.) IS-VII-S8 
Harpalus pensylvanicus DeGeer IS-VIl-88 
Trichoticlmus vulpeculus (Say) 12-X-S8 
Anisodactylus discoideus Dejean 12- VII-S3 RMR 
Anisodactylus harrisl LeConte 18-VIl-S8 
Anisodactylus nigrita Dejean 9-IX-S2 RMR 
Anisodactylus rusticus Say 24-V -SS 
Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F. lS-VIl-88 
Amphasia interstitialis (Say) IS-VII-88 
Amphasia sericea (Harris) 19-VI-SI RMR 
Xestonolus lugubris (Dejean) 23-XI-SO RMR 
Notiobia nitidipennis (LeConte) 9-IX-88 
Bradyce/lus atrimedeus (Say) 24-V-S8 
Bradycellus badlpennis (Haldeman) 13-IV-SO RMR 
Bradycellus rupestris Say 31-VIII-79 RMR 
Stenolophus eomma F. 18-VII-S8 
Stenolophus ochropezus (Say) 12-VIl-83 RMR 
Acupalpus pauperculus (Dejean) S- VI-82 RMR 
state record 
state record 
state record 
state record 
state record 
(continued) 
3
Purrington et al.: Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its Surr
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108 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST VoL 22, No.3 
Licini 
Dicae/us elongatus Bonelli 24-V -88 

Dicaelus teter Bonelli lS- VU-8S 

Chlaeniini 
Chlaenius aestivus Say 14-VU-87 

Chlaenius brevilabris LeConte 26-VU-75 RMR 

Chlaenius emarginatus Say 23-XI-SO RMR 

Chlaenius pusillus (Say) 18- VII-88 

Chlaenius sericeus Forster 24-V -88 

Chlaenius tricolor Dejean 18-VII-88 

CtenodactyIini 
Leptotrachelus dorsalis F. 6-VI-80 RMR 
Odacanthini 
Colliuris pensylvanica (L) 4-IV -88 
Lebiini 
Callida punctata LeConte I3-VI-82 RMR 
Table 2.-Carabid pitfall trap captures on 2 dates in 1988 (The Wilderness Center, Wilmot, Ohio) 
showing correlations between wing condition and habitat preference in 19 spe i s.2 
AGRI­
FOREST 
SITE 
CAPTURES 
CULTURAL 
SITE 
CAPTURES 
HABITAT 
PRE­
FERENCE 
WINGSI 
FLIGHT 
Macropterous 
t 
18 9 18 9 Cornfield: C Micropterous 
CARABID SPECIES July Sept Total July Sept Tolal Forest: F Dimorphic ± 
Cicindela punctulata 45 33 78 C flies 
Scarl/es subs/rlatus 2 2 4 C flies 
Patrobus longlcornis 4 3 7 17 17 Both ± 
Myas coracinus 6 3 9 I 1 F 
P/erosIichus chalcites 18 34 52 C flies 
Pterostichus coracinus 5 5 F 
Pterostichus lucublandus 7 6 13 32 43 75 Both 
Pterostichus stygicus 19 9 28 6 6 Both 
Cyclotrache/us sodalis 33 33 28 26 54 Both 
Abacidus hamilton! II 4 15 I 1 F 
Abacidus permundus 55 26 81 31 200 231 Both 
Calathus gregarius 4 19 23 4 4 Both 
Synuchus impunctalus 3 5 8 F ± 
Platynus hypolithos 9 2 11 3 24 27 Both 
Harpalus bicolor 4 3 7 C flies 
Harpalus pensylvanicus 10 10 44 157 201 C flies 
Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis 15 2 17 C flies 
Amphasia inters/itialis 4 4 F 
Stenolophus comma 6 2 8 C flies 
*Microptery precludes flight; macropterous forms mayor may not fly (flight is confirmed in some 
cases, here noted); dimorphic forms present locally variable wing conditon; P. lucublandus has 
"probably 
non-functional" wings (Lindroth 1961-1969). 2F1ight 
capability and wing condition data from Blatchley (1910), Lindroth (1961-1969), and from our 
records. 
4
The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 22, No. 3 [1989], Art. 1
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1989 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 109 
The relation of brachyptery to habitat choice for the 19 carabids most abundant in our 
samples is shown in Table 2, with capture data from mid-and late summer trapping 
periods. We identified seven agricultural-site species, all of which are macropterous, and 
five forest-site species of which three are wingless. one is dimorphic and one is 
macropterous (although there is no record that it can fly). The remaining seven species 
were captured regularly in both habitats and are predominantly flightless. Assignment of 
carabid species to habitat type was made on the basis of capture frequency (90% or more 
trapped in o e habitat defined "preference"). Our data support Darlington's (1970) 
observation that environmental stability favors winglessness, and that a disturbed 
environment selects for flight capability. We see compelling evidence for both trends in 
the carabid fauna we collected. 
Severe drought at the site in 1988 sharpened habitat distinctions during the first trapping 
period, but rains eventually reduced the atypical water stress prior to the second trapping 
bout in early September. Effects of this habitat amelioration are suggested by comparing 
July and September captures of the micropterous eurytopic species Abacidus permundus, 
Cyclotrachelus sodalis, and Platynus hypolithos. These species colonized the agricultural 
zone after the drought had been broken. 
We 
captured a few other species (Table 
1) that tend to support the notion of a flightless 
stable-zone fauna and a winged disturbed-zone fauna. For example, the flightless species, 
Dicaelus teter and D. elongatus appear to be strict forest carabids and are flightless 
(our data, Lindroth 1961-1969). Agonum crenistriatum, A. punctiforme, and Chlaenius 
pusillus can fly and appear to represent principally disturbed-habitat species (our data, 
Brust et aI. 1986a, Lindroth 1961-1969). Whether the carabid fauna of the stable 
tall-grass prairie habitat (remnants of which persist in NE Oh o) reflects the brachyptery 
we noted in carabids of stable old-growth forest, or whether it is more like the 
macropterous fauna of more open, disturbed habitats invites inquiry. While interactions of 
niche attributes and brachyptery in carabids are certainly quite complex, we predict that 
further study at sites with sharply contrasting adjacent habitats will generate more 
evidence to support the trends we have noted. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
We thank 
Gordon Maupin of The Wilderness Center, Wilmot, Ohio for pennission to 
trap and for allowing access to the Ritter collection. George E. Ball of the University of 
Alberta, Edmonton kindly provided some detenninations a d checked others. We 
appreciate the creative bibliographic support of P. Sachariat and C. Britton, and the 
generous field assistance of D. McCartney, D. Stinner, and E. Zaborski. Athayde 
Tonhasca contributed ideas to an early draft of the MS; Gary Dunn supplied references to 
early publications. 
LITERATURE CITED 
Blatchley, W. S. 1910. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera or beetles known to 
occur in Indiana. Bull. Ind. Dept. Geo!. Nat. Resources, 1. 1386 pp. 
Boiteau, G. 1983. Activity and distribution of Carabidae, Arachnida, and Staphylinidae in New 
Brunswick potato fields. Can. Entomo!. 115:1023-1030. 
Brust, G. E., B. R. Stinner, and D. A. McCartney. 1986a. Predation by soil inhabiting arthropods 
in 
intercropped and monoculture agroecosystems. Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 18:145-154. 
Brust, G. E., B. 
R. Stinner. and D. A. McCartney. 1986b. Predator activity and predation in corn 
agroecosystems. Environ. Entomol. 15:1017-1021. 
Christman, R. L., D. D. Waters, and J. R. Bauder. 1971. Soil survey of Stark County, Ohio. 
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 157 pp. 
Darlington. P. J., JI. 1943. Carabidae of mountains and islands: data on the evolution of isolated 
faunas, and on atrophy of wings. Ecol. Monogr. 13:37-61. 
5
Purrington et al.: Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its Surr
Published by ValpoScholar, 1989
no THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 22, No.3 
Darlington, P. J., Jr. 1970. Carabidae on tropical islands, especially the West Indies. Biotropica 
2:7-15. 
Delong, R. M. and G. W. White. 1963. Geology of Stark County. Bull. Div. Geo!. Surv., Ohio 
Dept. Nat. Resources, 61. 209 pp. 
Dury, C. 1902. A revised list of the Coleoptera observed near Cincinnati, Ohio, with notes on 
localities, bibliographic references, and description of new species. J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 
20:107-196. 
Erwin, T., D. R. Whitehead, and G. E. Ball. 1977. Family 4. Carabidae, the ground beetles. In: 
Checklist of the beetles of North and Central America and the West Indies. Bio!. Res. Inst. Am.; 
World Digest Pub!., Kinderhook, New York. 68 pp. 
Everly, R. T. 1927. A check list of the Carabidae of Columbus, Ohio, and vicinity. Ohio J, Sci. 
27:155-156. 
Liebherr, J. K. 1988. Gene flow in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of differing habitat 
preference and flight-wing development. Evolution 42: 129-137. 
Lindroth, C. H. 1961···1969. The ground-beetles (Carabidae exc!. Cicindelinae) of Canada and 
Alaska, Pt. 1-6. Opusc. Entomol., Supp!. 20,24,29,33, 34, 35, Lund. ll92 pp. 
Lomau, M. 1988. Determinants of the seasonal pattern in the niche structure of a forest carabid 
community. Pedobiologia 31:75-87. 
McKee, J. 1986. The Carabidae (Co!.) of Unst, Shetland. Entomo!. Mon. Mag. 122:243-248. 
Schrock, r R. 1985. Checklist of adult carabid beetles known from Indiana. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 
94:341-356. 
Thiele, H. -U. 1977. Carabid beetles in their environments: a study on habitat selection by 
adaptations in physiology and behaviour. Zoophysiol. Eco\. 10:1-369. 
Wallin, H, 1986. Habitat choice of some field-inhabiting carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) 
studied by recapture of marked individuals. Eco!. Entomol. 11:457-466. 
Wright, 1. F. and J. Whitehouse. 1941. Additions to the list of Cincinnati Coleoptera. Bull. Brooklyn 
Entomol. Soc, 36:69-73. 
6
The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 22, No. 3 [1989], Art. 1
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Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its Surroundings in Northeastern Ohio (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Valparaiso University

The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 22 Number 3 - Fall 1989 Number 3 - Fall 1989 Article 1 October 1989 Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its Surroundings in Northeastern Ohio (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Foster F. Purrington Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center John E. Bater Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Maurizio G. Paoletti University of Padua Benjamin R. Stinner Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle  Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Purrington, Foster F.; Bater, John E.; Paoletti, Maurizio G.; and Stinner, Benjamin R. 1989. "Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its Surroundings in Northeastern Ohio (Coleoptera: Carabidae)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 22 (3) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss3/1 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. 1989 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 105 GROUND BEETLES FROM A REMNANT OAK·MAPLE-BEECH }'OREST AND ITS SURROUNDINGS IN NORTHEASTERN omo (COI,EOPTERA: CARABIDAE)1 Foster F. Purrington2, John E. Bater2, Maurizio G. Paoletti" and Benjamin R. Stinner ABSTRACT We report 66 ground beetle species in 14 tribes from a natural preserve in northeastern Ohio (Stark County). Six species are new state records. Data from pitfall trap transects across adjoining habitats suggest narrow habitat preferences in some species and broad tolerances in others. Trends toward flightlessness in forest species and macroptery in the fauna of disturbed agricultural sites are apparent. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are well represented in North America and can comprise an important invertebrate component of terrestrial communities in a wide range of habitats (e.g., Boiteau 1983, Thiele 1977). The family's dramatic adaptive radiation often reflects a fine-grained pattern of habitat preference which has led to several studies focused on niche partitioning (Liebherr 1988, Loreau 1988, McKee 1986, Wallin 1986). By sampling across sharply distinctive adjoining habitats we expected to find evidence that the carabid fauna is segregated on the basis of such habitat characteristics as local plant assemblages and stability of moisture and temperature regimes. We had an opportunity to sample carabids at a site where an old-growth upland forest representing a stable environment abutted highly disturbed agricultural areas. Darlington (1943, 1970) analyzed carabid brachyptery in relation to island habitats and montane refugia. While he presented a very complex discussion of the interaction of invader species, geographical latitude, habitat size, etc., he concluded that flightlessness is an evolutionary outcome of resource predictability. We hypothesized that the relatively stable conditions in the old-growth forest would favor a flightless fauna by reducing the importance of vagility. COLLECTING SITE Stark County is located in NE Ohio on the Appalachian Plateau. We collected at The Wilderness Center, Wilmot in Sugar Creek township in the SW corner of the county. This I Salaries and research support provided by State and Federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University. Manuscript number 154-89. 2Depanment of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691. 3Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy. 1Purrington et al.: Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its SurrPublished by ValpoScholar, 1989106 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 22, No.3 site was entirely glaciated, although it lies only a few Ian N of the terminal moraine of the final Wisconsin glaciation (Delong and White 1963). The soil association at the Center is predominantly Canfield-Wooster: well drained and formed n till deposited upon Pennsylvanian (Pottsville) sandstone (Christman et al. 1971). Annual precipitation is ca. 9l em (National Weather Service, Akron-Canton Airport 30 yr average). Upland forest co-dominants at the collecting site are red and white oaks, sugar maple, and beech (Quercus rubra, Q. alba. Acer saccharum, and Fagus grandifolia, respec­tively). This forest fragment contains large, overmature trees, and although grazed by cattle and lumbered occasionally over the years, it is most likely a credible remnant of the original pre-Columbian forest (G. Maupin pers. comm.). Co-dominant trees on less well drained areas include pin oak, shagbark hickory, red maple, American elm, and white ash (Q. palustris. Carya ovata, A. rubrum, Ulmus americana, and Fraxinus americana, respectively). In addition to forested areas, the preserve includes small impoundments, rills, old field habitat, and adjacent agricultural zones. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sampled with pitfall traps using a 1: 1 mixture of water and ethylene glycol. During each trapping period in 1987 and 1988, traps were spaced 10 m apart along four parallel linear transects in both upland and lowland forest, through a hay meadow into corn (1987), or from lowland forest directly into corn and oats (1988). We trapped for 72 h n three occasions in the 1987 season and twice in 1988. For each trapping bout we used a total of 80 traps along the same four transects. In addition to carabids from our pitfall trapping, we have added hand-capture records obtained by us and Richard M. Ritter (whose collection is housed at the preserve site in Stark County). Our records are represented by voucher specimens in our collections at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. We have followed Lindroth's (1961-1969) classification, with minor adaptations (Erwin et al. 1977) and revisions and additions evident in Shrock's (1985) checklist of Indiana Carabidae. The Ritter collection and ours include a few undetermined species of Lebia, species in the Amarini, and Bembidiini that are not included in this paper. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We collected 66 carabid beetle species in 14 tribes from the preserve collection site (Table I); six species are new state records, confirmed by checking the compilation of North and Central American species by Erwin et al. (1977), Dury (1902), Wright and Whitehouse (1941), Everly's (1927) list of Columbus, Ohio carabids, and reports by Brust et al. (l986a, 1986b). Table I.-Carabidae from The Wilderness Center, Wilmot, Ohio with collection date: RMR Ritter collection. Cicindelini Cicindela sexguttata (F.) 3-V-SI RMR Cicindela punctulata Olivier 18-VII-88 Cychrini Sphaeroderus stenostomus Weber 12-IX-88 Sphaeroderus lecontei Dejean 12-VI-87 Nebriini Nebria pal/ipes Say 9-IX-82 RMR Notiophilini Notiophilus aeneus Herbst IS-XII-77 RMR state record 2The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 22, No. 3 [1989], Art. 1https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss3/11989 107 TIlE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Notiophilus novemstriatus leConte 18-XI-79 RMR Notiophilus semistriatus Say 9-IX-88 Elaphrini Elaphrus rusearius Say 10-V -84 RMR Scaritini Clivina bipustulata (F.) 24-V-88 Clivina impressifrons LeConte 6-VI-80 RMR Scarites substriatus Haldeman 18- VII-88 Scarites subterraneus F. 12-VII-83 RMR Patrobini Patrobus longicornis Say 24-V-88 Pterostichini Myas coracinus Say 18-VII-88 Pterostichus adoxus (Say) 18-VII-88 Pterostichus ehalcites Say 18-VII-88 Pterostichus coracinus Newman 9-IX-88 Pterostichus femoralis Kirby 29-IX-82 RMR Pterostichus honestus Say 12-IX-88 Pterostichus lucublandus Say 9-IX-88 Pterostichus mutus Say 12-IX-88 Pterostichus ohionis Csiki 24-V-88 Pterostichus stygicus Say 18-VII-88 Cyclotrachelus sodalis (leConte) 18-VII-88 Abacidus hamiltoni Horn 18-VII-88 Abacidus permundus (Say) 18-VII-88 Calathus gregarius Say 18-VIl-88 Synuchus impunctatus (Say) 18-VIl-88 Agonum crenistriatum (leConte) 18-VII -88 Agonum cupripenne (Say) 12-VI-87 Agonumplacidum (Say) 18-XII-77 RMR Agonum puncticeps Casey 18-VII-88 Agonum punctiforme (Say) 18-VII-88 Platynus decentis Say 24-V -88 Platynus hypolithos (Say) 18-VII-88 Harpalini Harpalus bieolor (F.) 18-VII-88 Harpalus caliginosus (F.) IS-VII-S8 Harpalus pensylvanicus DeGeer IS-VIl-88 Trichoticlmus vulpeculus (Say) 12-X-S8 Anisodactylus discoideus Dejean 12- VII-S3 RMR Anisodactylus harrisl LeConte 18-VIl-S8 Anisodactylus nigrita Dejean 9-IX-S2 RMR Anisodactylus rusticus Say 24-V -SS Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis F. lS-VIl-88 Amphasia interstitialis (Say) IS-VII-88 Amphasia sericea (Harris) 19-VI-SI RMR Xestonolus lugubris (Dejean) 23-XI-SO RMR Notiobia nitidipennis (LeConte) 9-IX-88 Bradyce/lus atrimedeus (Say) 24-V-S8 Bradycellus badlpennis (Haldeman) 13-IV-SO RMR Bradycellus rupestris Say 31-VIII-79 RMR Stenolophus eomma F. 18-VII-S8 Stenolophus ochropezus (Say) 12-VIl-83 RMR Acupalpus pauperculus (Dejean) S- VI-82 RMR state record state record state record state record state record (continued) 3Purrington et al.: Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its SurrPublished by ValpoScholar, 1989108 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST VoL 22, No.3 Licini Dicae/us elongatus Bonelli 24-V -88 Dicaelus teter Bonelli lS- VU-8S Chlaeniini Chlaenius aestivus Say 14-VU-87 Chlaenius brevilabris LeConte 26-VU-75 RMR Chlaenius emarginatus Say 23-XI-SO RMR Chlaenius pusillus (Say) 18- VII-88 Chlaenius sericeus Forster 24-V -88 Chlaenius tricolor Dejean 18-VII-88 CtenodactyIini Leptotrachelus dorsalis F. 6-VI-80 RMR Odacanthini Colliuris pensylvanica (L) 4-IV -88 Lebiini Callida punctata LeConte I3-VI-82 RMR Table 2.-Carabid pitfall trap captures on 2 dates in 1988 (The Wilderness Center, Wilmot, Ohio) showing correlations between wing condition and habitat preference in 19 spe i s.2 AGRI­FOREST SITE CAPTURES CULTURAL SITE CAPTURES HABITAT PRE­FERENCE WINGSI FLIGHT Macropterous t 18 9 18 9 Cornfield: C Micropterous CARABID SPECIES July Sept Total July Sept Tolal Forest: F Dimorphic ± Cicindela punctulata 45 33 78 C flies Scarl/es subs/rlatus 2 2 4 C flies Patrobus longlcornis 4 3 7 17 17 Both ± Myas coracinus 6 3 9 I 1 F P/erosIichus chalcites 18 34 52 C flies Pterostichus coracinus 5 5 F Pterostichus lucublandus 7 6 13 32 43 75 Both Pterostichus stygicus 19 9 28 6 6 Both Cyclotrache/us sodalis 33 33 28 26 54 Both Abacidus hamilton! II 4 15 I 1 F Abacidus permundus 55 26 81 31 200 231 Both Calathus gregarius 4 19 23 4 4 Both Synuchus impunctalus 3 5 8 F ± Platynus hypolithos 9 2 11 3 24 27 Both Harpalus bicolor 4 3 7 C flies Harpalus pensylvanicus 10 10 44 157 201 C flies Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis 15 2 17 C flies Amphasia inters/itialis 4 4 F Stenolophus comma 6 2 8 C flies *Microptery precludes flight; macropterous forms mayor may not fly (flight is confirmed in some cases, here noted); dimorphic forms present locally variable wing conditon; P. lucublandus has "probably non-functional" wings (Lindroth 1961-1969). 2F1ight capability and wing condition data from Blatchley (1910), Lindroth (1961-1969), and from our records. 4The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 22, No. 3 [1989], Art. 1https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss3/11989 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 109 The relation of brachyptery to habitat choice for the 19 carabids most abundant in our samples is shown in Table 2, with capture data from mid-and late summer trapping periods. We identified seven agricultural-site species, all of which are macropterous, and five forest-site species of which three are wingless. one is dimorphic and one is macropterous (although there is no record that it can fly). The remaining seven species were captured regularly in both habitats and are predominantly flightless. Assignment of carabid species to habitat type was made on the basis of capture frequency (90% or more trapped in o e habitat defined "preference"). Our data support Darlington's (1970) observation that environmental stability favors winglessness, and that a disturbed environment selects for flight capability. We see compelling evidence for both trends in the carabid fauna we collected. Severe drought at the site in 1988 sharpened habitat distinctions during the first trapping period, but rains eventually reduced the atypical water stress prior to the second trapping bout in early September. Effects of this habitat amelioration are suggested by comparing July and September captures of the micropterous eurytopic species Abacidus permundus, Cyclotrachelus sodalis, and Platynus hypolithos. These species colonized the agricultural zone after the drought had been broken. We captured a few other species (Table 1) that tend to support the notion of a flightless stable-zone fauna and a winged disturbed-zone fauna. For example, the flightless species, Dicaelus teter and D. elongatus appear to be strict forest carabids and are flightless (our data, Lindroth 1961-1969). Agonum crenistriatum, A. punctiforme, and Chlaenius pusillus can fly and appear to represent principally disturbed-habitat species (our data, Brust et aI. 1986a, Lindroth 1961-1969). Whether the carabid fauna of the stable tall-grass prairie habitat (remnants of which persist in NE Oh o) reflects the brachyptery we noted in carabids of stable old-growth forest, or whether it is more like the macropterous fauna of more open, disturbed habitats invites inquiry. While interactions of niche attributes and brachyptery in carabids are certainly quite complex, we predict that further study at sites with sharply contrasting adjacent habitats will generate more evidence to support the trends we have noted. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Gordon Maupin of The Wilderness Center, Wilmot, Ohio for pennission to trap and for allowing access to the Ritter collection. George E. Ball of the University of Alberta, Edmonton kindly provided some detenninations a d checked others. We appreciate the creative bibliographic support of P. Sachariat and C. Britton, and the generous field assistance of D. McCartney, D. Stinner, and E. Zaborski. Athayde Tonhasca contributed ideas to an early draft of the MS; Gary Dunn supplied references to early publications. LITERATURE CITED Blatchley, W. S. 1910. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera or beetles known to occur in Indiana. Bull. Ind. Dept. Geo!. Nat. Resources, 1. 1386 pp. Boiteau, G. 1983. Activity and distribution of Carabidae, Arachnida, and Staphylinidae in New Brunswick potato fields. Can. Entomo!. 115:1023-1030. Brust, G. E., B. R. Stinner, and D. A. McCartney. 1986a. Predation by soil inhabiting arthropods in intercropped and monoculture agroecosystems. Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 18:145-154. Brust, G. E., B. R. Stinner. and D. A. McCartney. 1986b. Predator activity and predation in corn agroecosystems. Environ. Entomol. 15:1017-1021. Christman, R. L., D. D. Waters, and J. R. Bauder. 1971. Soil survey of Stark County, Ohio. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 157 pp. Darlington. P. J., JI. 1943. Carabidae of mountains and islands: data on the evolution of isolated faunas, and on atrophy of wings. Ecol. Monogr. 13:37-61. 5Purrington et al.: Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its SurrPublished by ValpoScholar, 1989no THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 22, No.3 Darlington, P. J., Jr. 1970. Carabidae on tropical islands, especially the West Indies. Biotropica 2:7-15. Delong, R. M. and G. W. White. 1963. Geology of Stark County. Bull. Div. Geo!. Surv., Ohio Dept. Nat. Resources, 61. 209 pp. Dury, C. 1902. A revised list of the Coleoptera observed near Cincinnati, Ohio, with notes on localities, bibliographic references, and description of new species. J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 20:107-196. Erwin, T., D. R. Whitehead, and G. E. Ball. 1977. Family 4. Carabidae, the ground beetles. In: Checklist of the beetles of North and Central America and the West Indies. Bio!. Res. Inst. Am.; World Digest Pub!., Kinderhook, New York. 68 pp. Everly, R. T. 1927. A check list of the Carabidae of Columbus, Ohio, and vicinity. Ohio J, Sci. 27:155-156. Liebherr, J. K. 1988. Gene flow in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of differing habitat preference and flight-wing development. Evolution 42: 129-137. Lindroth, C. H. 1961···1969. The ground-beetles (Carabidae exc!. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, Pt. 1-6. Opusc. Entomol., Supp!. 20,24,29,33, 34, 35, Lund. ll92 pp. Lomau, M. 1988. Determinants of the seasonal pattern in the niche structure of a forest carabid community. Pedobiologia 31:75-87. McKee, J. 1986. The Carabidae (Co!.) of Unst, Shetland. Entomo!. Mon. Mag. 122:243-248. Schrock, r R. 1985. Checklist of adult carabid beetles known from Indiana. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 94:341-356. Thiele, H. -U. 1977. Carabid beetles in their environments: a study on habitat selection by adaptations in physiology and behaviour. Zoophysiol. Eco\. 10:1-369. Wallin, H, 1986. Habitat choice of some field-inhabiting carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) studied by recapture of marked individuals. Eco!. Entomol. 11:457-466. Wright, 1. F. and J. Whitehouse. 1941. Additions to the list of Cincinnati Coleoptera. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc, 36:69-73. 6The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 22, No. 3 [1989], Art. 1https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss3/1

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Ground Beetles From a Remnant Oak-Maple-Beech Forest and Its Surroundings in Northeastern Ohio (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

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