Xylosandrus gemzanus (Blandford) (= Xyleborlus germanus), a sexually dimorphic beetle. was first described in 1894 from specimens collected in Japan; it is now also known from Korea. the Kuril Islands, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, central Europe, and the U.S. ( Sobuchi 1981)

McPherson, J. E

Weber, B. C

English

Valparaiso University

The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 15 Number 3 - Fall 1982 Number 3 - Fall 1982 Article 6 October 1982 The Distribution of Xylosandrus Germanus in America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) B. C. Weber Southern Illinois University J. E. McPherson Southern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Weber, B. C. and McPherson, J. E. 1982. "The Distribution of Xylosandrus Germanus in America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 15 (3) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol15/iss3/6 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. • THE DISTRIBUTION OF XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: SCOl YTIDAE) I B. C. Weber2 and J. E. McPherson3 Xylosandrus gemzanliS (Blandford) (= XyleborliS germanllS), a sexually dimorphic beetle. was first described in 1894 from specimens collected in Japan; it is now also known from Korea. the Kuril Islands, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, central Europe, and the U.S. ("Sobuchi 1981). It was first discovered in th U.S. in a greenhouse on Long Island, New York (Felt 1932). Since then, this beetle has been occasionally reported from the eastern half of the U.S. (e.g., Bright 1968) but, as yet, has not been reported from Canada. It appears to be increasing in economic importance in the U.S. (Weber 1982) and has already damaged young plantation black walnut (Jug/a s nigra L.) in Indiana (Anonymous 1979) and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipijera L.) in Ohio (Anderson and HoiIard 1978). Because its re­ported distribution in North America is based upon scattered records, and because of its potential pest status, we have updated the distribution of X. german us in America north of Mexico. METHODS AND MATERIALS The distribution of X. germanus was determined by examining literature reports; by examining and extracting label information from about 300 specimens in collections at the Illinois Natural History Survey (17 specimens), the National Museum of Natural History (9), "Sorth Carolina State University (25), the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (30), Ohio State University (54), Purdue University (70), Southern Illinois University at Carbon­dale (2). Vniversity of Georgia (17), University of Minnesota (72), and University of ~lissouri (8): by field-collecting about 600 specimens in North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Indiana. and JIlinois; and by examining three specimens sent from South Carolina and Kentucky by state protection personnel. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION X. germanus ranges from Connecticut and New York south to Georgia, and west to ~fissouri and Louisiana (Fig. I). Specific localities are given in Table l. Two specimens in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History were col­lected at ports of entry, one in Baltimore, Maryland, and the other in Portland (Maine?­state not given on label), in dunnage boards and on wooden crates, respectively, that originated from Japan. Another specimen was collected in Oakland, California, in timber imported from Japan (Nobuchi, pers. eomm.). Because no further specimens have been reported from Maryland, .\laine, or California, the species has apparently not become estab­lished in these states and, thus, these records are not included in Figure I or Table 1. X. gemzanlls has not been reported, to date, frim Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, ,-\rkanasa. Iowa. Minnesota, Wisconsin, or southeastern Ontario in Canada, but, based on its presently known distribution (Fig. I), it probably occurs in these areas as well. I Part of a dissertation submitted to Southern Illinois University by the senior amhor in partial fulfill­ment of the requirements of the Ph.D. degree in Zoology. 2~orth Central Forest Experiment Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. IL 6290J. 3Department of Zoology. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901. 171 1Weber and McPherson: The Distribution of Xylosandrus Germanus in America NorthPublished by ValpoScholar, 1982172 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. IS, No.3 Table I. Distribution records of X. german us in America north of Mexico. CONNECTICUT. New Haven Co., Bright 1968. GEORGIA. Clark, Macon Co., Weber 1982. ILLINOIS. Unspecified county, Miller 1973; Alexander Co., Kessler 1974, Weber 1982; Jackson Co., Weber 1982. INDIANA. Unspecified county, Miller 1973; Brown Co., Deyrup 1981, Weber 1982; Clark Co., Deyrup 1981; Daviess Co., Weber 1982; Dubois Co., Anonymous 1979,Deyrup 1981, Weber 1982; Fountain Co., USDA 1975, Weber 1982; Green Co., Anonymous 1979, Deyrup 1981: Hamilton Co., Weber 1982; Jefferson Co., Bright 1968; Montgomery Co., Weber 1982; Parke, Pike, Putnam, Starke Co., Deyrup 1981; Tippecanoe, Vanderburgh Co., Deyrup 1981, Weber 1982; Wabash Co., Deyrup 1981; Washington Co., Anonymous 1979, Weber 1982; Wayne Co., Deyrup 1981. KENTUCKY. Breathitt, Rowan Co., Weber 1982. LOUISIANA. Pointe Coupee Parish, USDA 1978. Weber 1982. MICHIGAN. Washtenaw Co., Kirkendall (in litt.). MISSOURI. Cape Girardeau Co., USDA 1968. USDA 1969. Weber 1982. NEW JERSEY. Bergen Co., Hoffmann 1941; Essex Co., Hoffmann 1941, Weber 1982; Middlesex Co., Hoffmann 1941; Morris Co., Hoffmann 1941, Weber 1982; Somer­set Co., Weber 1982; Union Co., Hoffmann 1941, Weber 1982. NEW YORK. Nassau Co., Felt 1932, Felt and Bromley 1937, Hoffmann 1941; Rockland Co., Hoffmann 1941; Suffolk Co., Bright 1968, Weber 1982; Westchester Co., Hoffmann 1941. NORTH CARLINA. Bertie Co., Schneider and Farrier 1969; Cumberland Co., Weber 1982; Halifax Co., Schneider and Farrier 1969; Johnston, Macon, McDowell, Wake, Watauga, Wayne Co., Weber 1982. OHIO. Clinton, Delaware Co., Weber 1982; Lawrence Co., Bright 1968, Hoffmann 1941, Weber 1982; Ross Co., Bright 1968, Weber 1982; Scioto, Tuscarawas Co., Weber 1982; Washington Co., Anderson and Hoffard 1978, Weber 1982. PENNSYLANIA. Unspecified county, Batra 1963; Bucks, Franklin Co., Weber 1982. SOUTH CAROLINA. Dorchester Co., Weber 1982. TENNESSEE. Davidson, Montgomery Co., Weber 1982. VIRGINIA. Pittsylvania Co., USDA 1972, Weber 1982. WEST VIRGINIA. Cabell Co., Hoffmann 1941, Weber 1982. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Dr. S. W. Wilson, California State University, Chico, for obtaining collection records for X. germanus from the National Museum of Natural History, and the following individuals for allowing us to examine the scolytid collections at their respective institutions; Drs. G. W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence; E. Cook, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; M. Deyrup, Purdue Vniversity, West Lafayette, Indiana; M. Kosztarab, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg; J. C. Morse, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina; J. Peacock, Northeastern Forest Experim nt Station, Delaware, Ohio; A. Provonsha, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; C. Smith, University of Georgia, Athens; and C. A. Triplehorn, Ohio State University, Columbus. Scolytid collec­tions were also examined at Auburn Cniversity, Auburn, Alabama; Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign; Michigan State University, East Lansing; Mississippi State University, Mississippi State; North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and the University of Wiscon­sin, Madison. We also thank Drs. L. Kirkendall, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, for providing distribution records from Michigan, and A. Nobuchi, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan, for providing information about the specimens collected in California. We appreciate the identifications of scolytids by Drs. S. L. Wood, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, and D. E. Bright, Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. 2The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 15, No. 3 [1982], Art. 6https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol15/iss3/6173 198~ THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Fig. L Distribution of X german us in America north of Mexico. LITERATURE CITED Anderson. R. Land W. H. Hoffard. 1978. Fusarium canker-ambrosia beetle complex on tulip poplar in Ohio. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:75 L Anonymous. 1979. Summary of forest pests for 1979. Indiana For. Pest Informer, February. :!5 p. Batra. L. R. 1%3. Ecology of ambrosia fungi and their dissemination by beetles. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 66:213-236. Blandford. W. F. H. 1894. The rhyncophorus Coleoptera of Japan. Part III. Scolytidae. Trans. EntomoL Soc. London, Part 1:53-141. Bright. D. E. 1%8. Review of the tribe Xyleborini in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidael. Canadian EntomoL 100: 1288-1323. Deyrup. M. 1981. Annotated list of Indiana Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Lakes Entomol. 14: 1-9. Felt. E. P. 1932. A new pest in greenhouse grown grape stems. J. Econ. EntomoL 25:418. Felt. E. P. and W. S. Bromley. 1937. A new ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus germanus Blandf., in America. Bartlett Tree Res. Lab. Bull. 2:20. Hoffmann. C. H. 1941. Biological observations on Xylosandrus germanlls (Bldfd.). J. Econ. Entomol. 34:3&-42. Kessler. K. J .. Jr. 1974. An apparent symbiosis between Fusarium fungi and ambrosia beetles causes canker on black walnut stems. Plant Dis. Rep. 58: 1044-1047. :MilIer. W. E. 1973. Insects as related to wood and nut production. p. 91-96 in Black walnut as a crop. LSDA For. Servo Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-4. ~obuchi. A. 1981. Studies on Scolytidae XXIII. The ambrosia beetles of the genus Xylosandrus Reitter from Japan (Coleoptera). Forest. For. Prod. Res. Inst. Bull. 314:27­37. Schneider. I. and M. H. Farrier. 1969. New hosts, distribution, and biological notes on an imported ambrosia beetle. Xylosandrus german liS (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canadian Entomol. 1Ol:412-415. CSDA. 	1%8. A scolytid beetle (Xylos{llldms germanlls)-Missouri Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 18:821. ----. 1%9. A scolytid beetle (Xylosandrlls germanus)-Missouri. Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 19:16. 3Weber and McPherson: The Distribution of Xylosandrus Germanus in America NorthPublished by ValpoScholar, 1982174 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 15, No.3 ----. 1972. A scolytid beetle (Xylosandrus germanus)-Virginia. Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 22:640. ----. 1975. A scolytid beetle (Xylosandrus germanus)-Indiana. Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 25:783. ----. 1978. A scolytid beetle (Xyiosandrus germanus)-Louisiana. Coop. Plant Pest Rep. 3:350. Weber, B. C. 1982. The biology of the ambrosia beetle Xyiosandrus german us (Blandford) (Coleoptera Scolytidae) and its effects on black walnut. Ph.D. dissert. Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. 4The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 15, No. 3 [1982], Art. 6https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol15/iss3/6

The Distribution of \u3ci\u3eXylosandrus Germanus\u3c/i\u3e in America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

ValpoScholar

The Great Lakes Entomologist 
Volume 15 
Number 3 - Fall 1982 Number 3 - Fall 1982 Article 6 
October 1982 
The Distribution of Xylosandrus Germanus in America North of 
Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) 
B. C. Weber 
Southern Illinois University 
J. E. McPherson 
Southern Illinois University 
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle 
 Part of the Entomology Commons 
Recommended Citation 
Weber, B. C. and McPherson, J. E. 1982. "The Distribution of Xylosandrus Germanus in America North of 
Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 15 (3) 
Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol15/iss3/6 
This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. 
It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. 
For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. 
• 
THE DISTRIBUTION OF XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS IN AMERICA 
NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: SCOl YTIDAE) I 
B. C. Weber2 and J. E. McPherson3 
Xylosandrus gemzanliS (Blandford) (= XyleborliS germanllS), a sexually dimorphic 
beetle. was first described in 1894 from specimens collected in Japan; it is now also known 
from Korea. the Kuril Islands, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, central Europe, and the U.S. 
("Sobuchi 1981). It was first discovered in th U.S. in a greenhouse on Long Island, New 
York 
(Felt 1932). Since then, this beetle has been occasionally reported from the eastern half of the U.S. 
(e.g., Bright 
1968) but, as yet, has not been reported from Canada. It appears to 
be increasing in economic importance in the U.S. (Weber 1982) and has already damaged 
young plantation black walnut (Jug/a s nigra L.) in Indiana (Anonymous 1979) and tulip 
poplar (Liriodendron tulipijera L.) in Ohio (Anderson and HoiIard 1978). Because its re­
ported distribution in North America is based upon scattered records, and because of its 
potential pest status, we have updated the distribution of X. german us in America north of 
Mexico. 
METHODS AND MATERIALS 
The distribution of X. germanus was determined by examining literature reports; by 
examining and extracting label information from about 300 specimens in collections at the 
Illinois Natural History Survey (17 specimens), the National Museum of Natural History (9), 
"Sorth Carolina State University (25), the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (30), 
Ohio State University (54), Purdue University (70), Southern Illinois University at Carbon­
dale (2). Vniversity of Georgia (17), University of Minnesota (72), and University of 
~lissouri 
(8): by field-collecting about 600 specimens in North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, 
Indiana. and JIlinois; and by examining three specimens sent from South Carolina and Kentucky 
by state protection personnel. 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
X. germanus ranges from Connecticut and New York south to Georgia, and west to 
~fissouri 
and Louisiana (Fig. 
I). Specific localities are given in Table l. 
Two 
specimens in the collection 
of the National Museum of Natural History were col­
lected at ports of entry, one in Baltimore, Maryland, and the other in Portland (Maine?­
state 
not given 
on label), in dunnage boards and on wooden crates, respectively, that 
originated from Japan. Another specimen was collected in Oakland, California, in timber 
imported from Japan (Nobuchi, pers. eomm.). Because no further specimens have been 
reported from Maryland, .\laine, or California, the species has apparently not become estab­
lished in these states and, thus, these records are not included in Figure I or Table 1. 
X. gemzanlls has not been reported, to date, frim Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, 
,-\rkanasa. Iowa. Minnesota, Wisconsin, or southeastern Ontario in Canada, but, based on 
its presently known distribution (Fig. I), it probably occurs in these areas as well. 
I Part of a dissertation submitted to Southern Illinois University by the senior amhor in partial fulfill­
ment of 
the requirements 
of the Ph.D. degree in Zoology. 
2~orth 
Central Forest Experiment Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, 
Carbondale. IL 
6290J. 
3Department of Zoology. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901. 
171 
1
Weber and McPherson: The Distribution of Xylosandrus Germanus in America North
Published by ValpoScholar, 1982
172 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. IS, No.3 
Table I. Distribution records of X. german us in America north of Mexico. 
CONNECTICUT. 
New Haven Co., Bright 
1968. 
GEORGIA. Clark, Macon Co., Weber 1982. 
ILLINOIS. 
Unspecified county, Miller 
1973; Alexander Co., Kessler 1974, Weber 1982; 
Jackson Co., Weber 1982. 
INDIANA. 
Unspecified county, Miller 
1973; Brown Co., Deyrup 1981, Weber 1982; Clark 
Co., Deyrup 1981; Daviess Co., Weber 1982; Dubois Co., Anonymous 1979,
Deyrup 1981, Weber 1982; Fountain Co., USDA 1975, Weber 1982; Green Co., 
Anonymous 1979, Deyrup 1981: Hamilton Co., Weber 1982; Jefferson Co., Bright 
1968; 
Montgomery Co., Weber 
1982; Parke, Pike, Putnam, Starke Co., Deyrup 
1981; 
Tippecanoe, Vanderburgh Co., Deyrup 
1981, Weber 1982; Wabash Co., 
Deyrup 1981; Washington Co., Anonymous 1979, Weber 1982; Wayne Co., 
Deyrup 1981. 
KENTUCKY. 
Breathitt, Rowan Co., Weber 
1982. 
LOUISIANA. 
Pointe Coupee Parish, USDA 
1978. Weber 1982. 
MICHIGAN. Washtenaw Co., Kirkendall (in litt.). 
MISSOURI. Cape Girardeau Co., USDA 1968. USDA 1969. Weber 1982. 
NEW JERSEY. 
Bergen Co., Hoffmann 
1941; Essex Co., Hoffmann 1941, Weber 1982; 
Middlesex Co., Hoffmann 1941; Morris Co., Hoffmann 1941, Weber 1982; Somer­
set Co., Weber 1982; Union Co., Hoffmann 1941, Weber 1982. 
NEW 
YORK. Nassau Co., Felt 
1932, Felt and Bromley 1937, Hoffmann 1941; Rockland 
Co., 
Hoffmann 
1941; Suffolk Co., Bright 1968, Weber 1982; Westchester Co., 
Hoffmann 1941. 
NORTH 
CARLINA. Bertie Co., Schneider and Farrier 
1969; Cumberland Co., Weber 1982; 
Halifax Co., Schneider and Farrier 1969; Johnston, Macon, McDowell, Wake, 
Watauga, Wayne Co., Weber 1982. 
OHIO. 
Clinton, Delaware Co., Weber 
1982; Lawrence Co., Bright 1968, Hoffmann 1941, 
Weber 1982; Ross Co., Bright 1968, Weber 1982; Scioto, Tuscarawas Co., Weber 
1982; 
Washington Co., Anderson and Hoffard 
1978, Weber 1982. 
PENNSYLANIA. 
Unspecified county, Batra 
1963; Bucks, Franklin Co., Weber 1982. 
SOUTH 
CAROLINA. Dorchester Co., Weber 
1982. 
TENNESSEE. 
Davidson, Montgomery Co., Weber 
1982. 
VIRGINIA. Pittsylvania Co., USDA 1972, Weber 1982. 
WEST 
VIRGINIA. Cabell Co., Hoffmann 
1941, Weber 1982. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
We thank Dr. S. W. Wilson, California State University, Chico, for obtaining collection 
records for X. germanus from the National Museum of Natural History, and the following 
individuals for allowing us to examine the scolytid collections at their respective institutions; 
Drs. G. W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence; E. Cook, University of Minnesota, St. 
Paul; M. Deyrup, Purdue Vniversity, West Lafayette, Indiana; M. Kosztarab, Virginia 
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg; J. C. Morse, Clemson University, 
Clemson, South Carolina; J. Peacock, Northeastern Forest Experim nt Station, Delaware, 
Ohio; A. Provonsha, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; C. Smith, University of 
Georgia, Athens; and C. A. Triplehorn, Ohio State University, Columbus. Scolytid collec­
tions were also examined at Auburn Cniversity, Auburn, Alabama; Illinois Natural History 
Survey, Champaign; Michigan State University, East Lansing; Mississippi State University, 
Mississippi State; North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and the University of Wiscon­
sin, Madison. We also thank Drs. L. Kirkendall, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, for 
providing distribution records from Michigan, and A. Nobuchi, Forestry and Forest 
Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan, for providing information about the specimens 
collected in California. We appreciate the identifications of scolytids by Drs. S. L. Wood, 
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, and D. E. Bright, Biosystematics Research 
Institute, Ottawa, Canada. 
2
The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 15, No. 3 [1982], Art. 6
https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol15/iss3/6
173 198~ THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 
Fig. L Distribution of X german us in America north of Mexico. 
LITERATURE CITED 
Anderson. R. Land W. H. Hoffard. 1978. Fusarium canker-ambrosia beetle complex on 
tulip poplar in Ohio. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:75 L 
Anonymous. 1979. Summary of forest pests for 1979. Indiana For. Pest Informer, February. 
:!5 p. 
Batra. L. R. 1%3. Ecology of ambrosia fungi and their dissemination by beetles. Trans. 
Kansas Acad. Sci. 66:213-236. 
Blandford. W. F. H. 1894. The rhyncophorus Coleoptera of Japan. Part III. Scolytidae. 
Trans. 
EntomoL Soc. London, Part 1:53-141. 
Bright. D. 
E. 1%8. Review of the tribe Xyleborini in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: 
Scolytidael. Canadian EntomoL 100: 1288-1323. 
Deyrup. M. 1981. Annotated list of Indiana Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Lakes Entomol. 
14: 
1-9. 
Felt. 
E. P. 1932. A new pest in greenhouse grown grape stems. J. Econ. EntomoL 25:418. 
Felt. E. 
P. 
and W. S. Bromley. 1937. A new ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus germanus Blandf., 
in 
America. Bartlett Tree Res. Lab. Bull. 
2:20. 
Hoffmann. C. H. 1941. Biological observations on Xylosandrus germanlls (Bldfd.). J. Econ. 
Entomol. 34:3&-42. 
Kessler. 
K. 
J .. Jr. 1974. An apparent symbiosis between Fusarium fungi and ambrosia 
beetles causes canker on black walnut stems. Plant Dis. Rep. 58: 1044-1047. 
:MilIer. W. E. 1973. Insects as related to wood and nut production. p. 91-96 in Black walnut 
as a crop. LSDA For. Servo Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-4. 
~obuchi. 
A. 
1981. Studies on Scolytidae XXIII. The ambrosia beetles of the genus 
Xylosandrus Reitter from Japan (Coleoptera). Forest. For. Prod. Res. Inst. Bull. 314:27­
37. 
Schneider. I. and M. H. Farrier. 1969. New hosts, distribution, and biological notes on an 
imported ambrosia beetle. Xylosandrus german liS (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canadian 
Entomol. 1Ol:412-415. 
CSDA. 	
1%8. A scolytid beetle (Xylos{llldms germanlls)-Missouri Coop. Econ. Insect 
Rep. 18:821. ----. 
1%9. A scolytid beetle (Xylosandrlls 
germanus)-Missouri. Coop. Econ. Insect 
Rep. 19:16. 
3
Weber and McPherson: The Distribution of Xylosandrus Germanus in America North
Published by ValpoScholar, 1982
174 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 15, No.3 
----. 1972. A scolytid beetle (Xylosandrus germanus)-Virginia. Coop. Econ. Insect 
Rep. 22:640. 
----. 1975. A scolytid beetle (Xylosandrus germanus)-Indiana. Coop. Econ. Insect 
Rep. 25:783. 
----. 1978. A scolytid beetle (Xyiosandrus germanus)-Louisiana. Coop. Plant Pest 
Rep. 3:350. 
Weber, B. C. 1982. The biology of the ambrosia beetle Xyiosandrus german us (Blandford) 
(Coleoptera Scolytidae) and its effects on black walnut. Ph.D. dissert. Southern Illinois 
Univ., Carbondale. 
4
The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 15, No. 3 [1982], Art. 6
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The Distribution of \u3ci\u3eXylosandrus Germanus\u3c/i\u3e in America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

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