The seasonal flight patterns of II species of Tingidae and six species of Aradidae collected in window traps in a North Carolina black walnut plantation are described. Flying height distributions and seasonal flight activities of Corythucha ciliata (Say) and Gargaphia solani Heidemann are considered in detail

McPherson, J. E

Weber, B. C

English

Valparaiso University

The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 14 Number 3 - Fall 1981 Number 3 - Fall 1981 Article 2 October 1981 Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black Walnut Plantation. 6. Tingidae and Aradidae J. E. McPherson Southern Illinois University B. C. Weber Southern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle  Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation McPherson, J. E. and Weber, B. C. 1981. "Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black Walnut Plantation. 6. Tingidae and Aradidae," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 14 (3) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol14/iss3/2 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. 1981 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 137 SEASONAL FLIGHT PATTERNS OF HEMIPTERA IN A NORTH CAROLINA BLACK WALNUT PLANTATION. 6. TINGIDAE AND ARADIDAE J. E. McPherson l and B. C. Weber 2 ABSTRACT The seasonal flight patterns of II species of Tingidae and six species of Aradidae collected in window traps in a North Carolina black walnut plantation are described. Flying height distributions and seasonal flight activities of Corythucha ciliata (Say) and Gargaphia solani Heidemann are considered in detail. This is the sixth in a series of papers on seasonal flight patterns of Hemiptera in a black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) plantation near Asheville, North Carolina, and deals with the families Tingidae and Aradidae; earlier papers dealt with the Pentatomoidea (1980), Core­oidea (l981a), Reduvioidea (I98Ib), Cimicoidea (198Ic) and Lygaeoidea (l98Id). The study was conducted from 24 March to 14 October in 1977, and from 24 March to 13 October in 1978. Specimens were collected weekly by window trapping; traps were suspended at 1,2, 3,4,5,6 and 7 m. The study site and trap construction were discussed in detail by McPher­son nd Weber (1980). All hemipteran specimens collected during this study are deposited in the Entomology Collection, Zoology Research Museum, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Eleven tingid and six aradid species were collected during the two years of this study; numbers of specimens collected for all taxa ranged from one to 91 (Table I). Mos  of the species were collected in numbers too low to permit conclusions about seasonal flight patterns. However, Corythucha ciliata (Say) and Gargaphia solani Heide­mann were collected in sufficient numbers (Table I) to allow a more detailed discussion of flying height distributions and seasonal flight activities. C. ciliata occurs primarily on sycamore (e.g., Bailey 1951, Barber and Weiss 1922, Blatchley 1926, Drake 1919, Froeschner 1944, Horn et aI. 1979, Morrill 1903, Wade 1917) but has also been collected from cypress (Froeschner 1944), ash, hickory, mulberry (Blatchley 1926. Drake 1919) and leather-leaf (Bailey 1951). It overwinters as adults (e.g., Bailey 1951, Barber and Weiss 1922. Froeschner 1944, Wade 1917); in central New England, overwinter­ing adults may be found in abundance under loose tree bark in October and may not emerge until early June (Bailey 1951). Barber and Weiss (1922) felt this species probablY has "two broods" (is bivoltine?) in New Jersey. In the present study. C. ciliata adults were found from early April to early September (Table I). They were collected at all seven flying heights with over 55% captured at 3-5 m (Fig. I). lDepartment of Zoology. Southern Illinois University. Carbondale. IL 62901. 2CSD.-\ Forest Service. '\onh Central Forest Experiment Station. Forestry Sciences Laboratory. Carbondale. IL 6290 I. 1McPherson and Weber: Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black WPublished by ValpoScholar, 1981138 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 14. No.3 Table I. SeasonaJ flight activity of Tingidae and Aradidae during 1977-78 in a North Carolina black walnut plantation. Collection Height (m) No. Range of Taxon Collected x±SE Range Collection Dates TINGIDAE Corythucha ciliata (Say) 70 4.27±0.21 1-7 I April-2 Sept. Corythucha cydoniae (Fitch) I 3.00 23 June Corythucha juglandis (Fitch) 26 4.62±0.35 1-7 1 April-13 Oct. Corythucha marmorata (Uhler) 3 3.67±1.45 1-6 13 May-12 Aug. Corythucha pallida Osborn & Drake 2 6.50±0.50 6-7 22 April Gargaphia solani Heidemann 91 1.85±0.16 1-7 2 June-13 Oct. Gargaphia tiliae (Walsh) I 6.00 29 July Leptoypha costata Parshley 8 4.75±0.25 ~ 3 June-22 July Melanorhopala infuscata Parshley 4.00 30 June Physatocheila brevirostris Osborn & Drake 2 2.S0±1.50 1-4 7 April-IS Sept. Physatocheila variegata Parshley 6.00 6 May ARADIDAE Aradus cinnamomeus Parshley 3 3.67±0.67 3-S 22 Sept.-23 Sept. Aradus crenatus Say 1 1.00 29 April Aradus niger St!iI I 6.00 29 Sept. Mezira granulata (Say) 30 4.07±0.33 1-7 22 April-16 Sept. Mezira lobata (Say) 1 4.00 20 May Neuroctenus sp.a 2 3.50± 1.50 2-5 20 May-2 June aGenus is currently being revised (Froeschner. pers. comm.). This species overwintered as adults and was apparently bivoItine (Fig. 3) Adults began to emerge from overwintering sites in early April and were present to mid-May. Their adult offspring (summer generation) occurred from late June to late July or early August. Adults of the second (overwintering) generation were present in September (and possibly in August). G. solani occurs primarily on eggplant (e.g., Bailey 1951, Fink 1915. Froeschner 1944, Hom et al. 1979) but has also been collected from horse-nettle (Blatchley 1926, Fink 1915. Froeschner 1944, Somes 1916). white horse-nettle (Froeschner 1944) and sunflower (Hom et al. 1979). It overwinters as adults (Bailey 1951, Fink 1915, Froeschner 1944). Fink (l9IS) stated that G. solani may have 7-8 generations per season in the vicinity of Norfolk, Virginia, with apparently six generations on eggplant and the remainder on horse-nettle. In the present study, G. solani adults were found from early June to mid-October (Table 1). They were collected at aJl seven flying heights with aJmost 70% collected at 1 m (Fig. 2). This species apparently overwintered as adults but the number of generations per year is unclear from the available data (Fig. 4). It appears that during spring (i.e., April and May), adults were either not flying or were not in the plantation. However, adults were quite active from early July to the end of the season. 2The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 14, No. 3 [1981], Art. 2https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol14/iss3/21981 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 139 1 "' 80 to 2::J "C 60> "C .= 40 '0 ;:: Q) 20 (J Gi a. 2 3 4 5 6 7 234 6 7 Melers Melers Figs. 1-2 Flying height distributions of two tingid species during 1977-78 in a North Carolina black walnut plantation: (II Corytllllcha ciliata. (2) Gargaphia so/ani. <Il 6O <tl ::::1 "C > ~40 .: '0 _ 20 c: Q) ~ Q) Q. 3 'i , I I M 0 <Il60 <tl ::::1 "C > ~40 .: '0 _ 20 c: Q) ~ Q) Q. 4 M Figs. ~. Seasonal flight activities of two tingid species during 1977-78 in a North Carolina black walnut plantation: (3, C orythucha ciliata, (4) Gargaphia solani. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Dr. R. C. Froeschner, National Museum of Natural History, Washing­ton, D.C., for confirming our identifications of these tingids andaradids. We also wish to acknowledge Mr. D. Brenneman and the staff of the North Carolina Division of Forestry, Morganton. for their help n collecting data and maintaining the window traps. This research was partially supported by the USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. LITERATURE CITED Bailey. N. S. 1951. The Tingoidea of New England and their biology. Entomol. Amer. 31:1-140. Barber. H. G. and H. B. Weiss. 1922. The lace bugs of New Jersey. New Jersey Dept. Agric. eirc. 54: 1-24. Blatchley, W. S. 1926. Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Pub. Co., Indianapolis. 1116 pp. Drake, C. J. 1919. On some North American Tingidae (Hemip.). Ohio J. Sci. 19:417-421. Fink, D. E. 1915. The eggplant lace-bug. USDA Bull. 239:1-7. 3McPherson and Weber: Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black WPublished by ValpoScholar, 1981140 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 14, No.3 Froeschner, R. C. 1944. Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Pt. III. Lygaeidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Piesmidae, Tingididae, Enicocephalidae, Phymatidae, Ploi­ariidae, Reduviidae, Nabidae. Amer. Midland Natur. 31:638-683. Hom, K. F., C. G. Wright, and M. H. Farrier. 1979. The lace bugs (Hemiptera:Tingidae) of North Carolina and their hosts. North Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 257:1-22. McPherson, J. E. and B. C. Weber. 1980. Seasonal flight patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut plantation. l. Pentatomoidea. Great Lakes Entomol. 13: 177-183. ----. 1981a. Seasonal flight patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut plantation. 2. Coreoidea. Great Lakes Entomol. 14:11-13. ----. 1981b. Seasonal flight patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut plantation. 3. Reduvioidea. Great Lakes EntomoL 14:15-17. ----. 1981c. Seasonal flight patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut plantation. 4. Cimicoidea. Great Lakes EntomoL 14:19-22. ----. 1981d. Seasonal flight patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut plantation. 5. Lygaeoidea. Great Lakes Entomol. 14: 133-136. Morrill, A. W. 1903. Notes on the immature stages of some tingitids of the genus Coryth cu (sic). Psyche 10: 127-134. Somes, M. P. 1916. Some insects of Solanum carolinense L., and their economic relations. J. Econ. EntomoL 9:39-44. Wade, O. 	1917. The sycamore lace-bug (Corythucha ciliata. Say). Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Bta. BulL 116: 1-16. 4The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 14, No. 3 [1981], Art. 2https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol14/iss3/2

Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black Walnut Plantation. 6. Tingidae and Aradidae

ValpoScholar

The Great Lakes Entomologist 
Volume 14 
Number 3 - Fall 1981 Number 3 - Fall 1981 Article 2 
October 1981 
Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black 
Walnut Plantation. 6. Tingidae and Aradidae 
J. E. McPherson 
Southern Illinois University 
B. C. Weber 
Southern Illinois University 
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle 
 Part of the Entomology Commons 
Recommended Citation 
McPherson, J. E. and Weber, B. C. 1981. "Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black 
Walnut Plantation. 6. Tingidae and Aradidae," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 14 (3) 
Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol14/iss3/2 
This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. 
It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. 
For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. 
1981 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 137 
SEASONAL FLIGHT PATTERNS OF HEMIPTERA IN A 
NORTH CAROLINA BLACK WALNUT PLANTATION. 
6. 
TINGIDAE AND ARADIDAE 
J. E. McPherson l and B. C. Weber 2 
ABSTRACT 
The 
seasonal flight patterns 
of II species of Tingidae and six species of Aradidae collected 
in window traps in a North Carolina black walnut plantation are described. Flying height 
distributions and seasonal flight activities of Corythucha ciliata (Say) and Gargaphia solani 
Heidemann 
are considered in detail. 
This 
is the sixth in a series of papers on seasonal flight patterns of Hemiptera in a black 
walnut (Juglans nigra L.) plantation near Asheville, North Carolina, and deals with the 
families Tingidae and Aradidae; earlier papers dealt with the Pentatomoidea (1980), Core­
oidea (l981a), Reduvioidea (I98Ib), Cimicoidea (198Ic) and Lygaeoidea (l98Id). The study 
was conducted from 24 March to 14 October in 1977, and from 24 March to 13 October in 
1978. Specimens were collected weekly by window trapping; traps were suspended at 1,2, 
3,4,5,6 
and 7 m. The study site and trap construction were discussed in detail by McPher­
son 
nd Weber (1980). All hemipteran specimens collected during this study are deposited in 
the Entomology Collection, Zoology Research Museum, Southern Illinois University, 
Carbondale. 
RESULTS 
AND DISCUSSION 
Eleven 
tingid and six aradid species were collected during the two years 
of this study; 
numbers of 
specimens collected for all taxa ranged from one to 
91 (Table I). 
Mos  of 
the species were collected in numbers too low to permit conclusions about 
seasonal flight patterns. However, Corythucha ciliata (Say) and Gargaphia solani Heide­mann 
were collected in sufficient numbers (Table 
I) to allow a more detailed discussion of 
flying height distributions and seasonal flight activities. 
C. ciliata occurs primarily on sycamore (e.g., Bailey 1951, Barber and Weiss 1922, 
Blatchley 1926, Drake 1919, Froeschner 1944, Horn et aI. 1979, Morrill 1903, Wade 1917) but 
has 
also been collected from cypress (Froeschner 1944), ash, hickory, mulberry (Blatchley 
1926. 
Drake 1919) and leather-leaf (Bailey 1951). It overwinters as adults (e.g., Bailey 1951, 
Barber and 
Weiss 1922. Froeschner 1944, Wade 
1917); in central New England, overwinter­
ing adults may be found in abundance under loose tree bark in October and may not emerge 
until early June (Bailey 1951). Barber and Weiss (1922) felt this species probablY has "two 
broods" 
(is bivoltine?) in New Jersey. 
In the 
present study. C. ciliata adults were found from early April to early September 
(Table I). They were collected at all seven flying heights with over 55% captured at 3-5 m 
(Fig. I). 
lDepartment of Zoology. Southern Illinois University. Carbondale. IL 62901. 
2CSD.-\ Forest Service. '\onh Central Forest Experiment Station. Forestry Sciences Laboratory. 
Carbondale. IL 6290 I. 
1
McPherson and Weber: Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black W
Published by ValpoScholar, 1981
138 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 14. No.3 
Table I. SeasonaJ flight activity of Tingidae and Aradidae during 1977-78 in a North Carolina 
black walnut plantation. 
Collection Height (m) 
No. Range of 
Taxon Collected x±SE Range Collection Dates 
TINGIDAE 
Corythucha ciliata (Say) 70 4.27±0.21 1-7 I April-2 Sept. 
Corythucha cydoniae (Fitch) I 3.00 23 June 
Corythucha juglandis (Fitch) 26 4.62±0.35 1-7 1 April-13 Oct. 
Corythucha marmorata 
(Uhler) 3 3.67±1.45 1-6 13 May-12 Aug. 
Corythucha pallida Osborn 
& Drake 2 6.50±0.50 6-7 22 April 
Gargaphia solani Heidemann 91 1.85±0.16 1-7 2 June-13 Oct. 
Gargaphia tiliae (Walsh) I 6.00 29 July 
Leptoypha costata Parshley 8 4.75±0.25 ~ 3 June-22 July 
Melanorhopala infuscata 
Parshley 4.00 30 June 
Physatocheila brevirostris 
Osborn & Drake 2 2.S0±1.50 1-4 7 April-IS Sept. 
Physatocheila variegata 
Parshley 6.00 6 May 
ARADIDAE 
Aradus cinnamomeus Parshley 3 3.67±0.67 3-S 22 Sept.-23 Sept. 
Aradus crenatus Say 1 1.00 29 April 
Aradus niger St!iI I 6.00 29 Sept. 
Mezira granulata (Say) 30 4.07±0.33 1-7 22 April-16 Sept. 
Mezira lobata (Say) 1 4.00 20 May 
Neuroctenus sp.a 2 3.50± 1.50 2-5 20 May-2 June 
aGenus is currently being revised (Froeschner. pers. comm.). 
This species overwintered as adults and was apparently bivoItine (Fig. 3) Adults began to 
emerge from overwintering sites in early April and were present to mid-May. Their adult 
offspring (summer generation) occurred from late June to late July or early August. Adults of 
the second (overwintering) generation were present in September (and possibly in August). 
G. solani occurs primarily on eggplant (e.g., Bailey 1951, Fink 1915. Froeschner 1944, 
Hom et 
al. 
1979) but has also been collected from horse-nettle (Blatchley 1926, Fink 1915. 
Froeschner 1944, 
Somes 
1916). white horse-nettle (Froeschner 1944) and sunflower (Hom et 
al. 1979). It overwinters as adults (Bailey 1951, Fink 1915, Froeschner 1944). Fink (l9IS) 
stated 
that G. 
solani may have 7-8 generations per season in the vicinity of Norfolk, 
Virginia, with apparently six generations on eggplant and the remainder on horse-nettle. 
In 
the present study, G. 
solani adults were found from early June to mid-October (Table 
1). They were collected at aJl seven flying heights with aJmost 70% collected at 1 m (Fig. 2). 
This species apparently overwintered as adults but the number of generations per year is 
unclear from the available data (Fig. 4). It appears that during spring (i.e., April and May), 
adults were either not flying or were not in the plantation. However, adults were quite active 
from early July to the end of the season. 
2
The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 14, No. 3 [1981], Art. 2
https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol14/iss3/2
1981 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 139 
1 "' 
80 
to 2::J 
"C 
60> 
"C 
.= 
40 
'0 
;:: 
Q) 20 
(J 
Gi 
a. 
2 3 4 5 6 7 234 6 7 
Melers Melers 
Figs. 1-2 Flying height distributions of two tingid species during 1977-78 in a North Carolina black walnut 
plantation: (II Corytllllcha ciliata. (2) Gargaphia so/ani. 
<Il 6O 
<tl 
::::1 
"C 
> ~40 
.: 
'0 
_ 20 
c: 
Q) 
~ 
Q) 
Q. 
3 
'i 
, I 
I 
M 0 
<Il60 
<tl 
::::1 
"C 
> ~40 
.: 
'0 
_ 20 
c: 
Q) 
~ 
Q) 
Q. 
4 
M 
Figs. ~. Seasonal flight activities of two tingid species during 1977-78 in a North Carolina black walnut 
plantation: (3, C orythucha ciliata, (4) Gargaphia solani. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
We wish to thank Dr. R. C. Froeschner, National Museum of Natural History, Washing­
ton, D.C., 
for confirming 
our identifications of these tingids andaradids. We also wish to 
acknowledge Mr. D. Brenneman and the staff of the North Carolina Division of Forestry, 
Morganton. for their help n collecting data and maintaining the window traps. This research 
was partially supported by the USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment 
Station. 
LITERATURE CITED 
Bailey. N. S. 1951. The Tingoidea of New England and their biology. Entomol. Amer. 
31:1-140. 
Barber. H. G. and H. B. Weiss. 1922. The lace bugs of New Jersey. New Jersey Dept. 
Agric. eirc. 54: 1-24. 
Blatchley, W. S. 1926. Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America with especial 
reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Pub. Co., Indianapolis. 1116 pp. 
Drake, C. J. 1919. On some North American Tingidae (Hemip.). Ohio J. Sci. 19:417-421. 
Fink, D. E. 1915. The eggplant lace-bug. USDA Bull. 239:1-7. 
3
McPherson and Weber: Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black W
Published by ValpoScholar, 1981
140 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 14, No.3 
Froeschner, 
R. C. 
1944. Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Pt. III. 
Lygaeidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Piesmidae, Tingididae, Enicocephalidae, Phymatidae, Ploi­
ariidae, Reduviidae, Nabidae. Amer. Midland Natur. 31:638-683. 
Hom, K. F., 
C. G. Wright, and M. H. Farrier. 
1979. The lace bugs (Hemiptera:Tingidae) of 
North Carolina and their hosts. North Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 257:1-22. 
McPherson, J. E. and B. C. Weber. 1980. Seasonal flight patterns of Hemiptera in a North 
Carolina black walnut plantation. l. Pentatomoidea. Great Lakes Entomol. 13: 177-183. 
----. 
1981a. Seasonal flight patterns 
of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut 
plantation. 2. Coreoidea. Great Lakes Entomol. 14:11-13. 
----. 
1981b. Seasonal flight patterns 
of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut 
plantation. 3. Reduvioidea. Great Lakes EntomoL 14:15-17. 
----. 
1981c. Seasonal flight patterns 
of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut 
plantation. 4. Cimicoidea. Great Lakes EntomoL 14:19-22. 
----. 
1981d. Seasonal flight patterns 
of Hemiptera in a North Carolina black walnut 
plantation. 5. Lygaeoidea. Great Lakes Entomol. 14: 133-136. 
Morrill, A. W. 1903. Notes on the immature stages of some tingitids of the genus Coryth cu 
(sic). Psyche 10: 127-134. 
Somes, M. P. 1916. Some insects of Solanum carolinense L., and their economic relations. 
J. Econ. EntomoL 9:39-44. 
Wade, O. 	1917. The sycamore lace-bug (Corythucha ciliata. Say). Oklahoma Agric. Exp. 
Bta. BulL 116: 1-16. 
4
The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 14, No. 3 [1981], Art. 2
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Seasonal Flight Patterns of Hemiptera in a North Carolina Black Walnut Plantation. 6. Tingidae and Aradidae

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